Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (DNPAO), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 May 18;15(10):2363. doi: 10.3390/nu15102363.
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted some dietary habits of Americans.
We examined characteristics associated with a high intake of sweet foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during the COVID-19 pandemic among US adults.
This was a cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS: The SummerStyles survey data were collected in 2021 among 4034 US adults (≥18 years).
The frequencies were measured of consuming various sweet foods (chocolate/candy, doughnuts/sweet rolls/Danish/muffins/Pop-Tarts, cookies/cake/pie/brownies, and ice cream/frozen desserts) and SSB (regular sodas, sweetened coffee/tea drinks fruit drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses were categorized into 0, >0 to <1, 1 to <2, and ≥2 times/day. The descriptive variables were sociodemographics, food insecurity, weight status, metropolitan status, census regions, and eating habit changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Multinomial regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for being a high consumer of sweet foods and SSB after controlling for characteristics.
During 2021, 15% of adults reported consuming sweet foods ≥2 times/day, and 30% reported drinking SSB ≥2 times/day. The factors that were significantly associated with greater odds of high sweet food intake (≥2 times/day) were lower household income (AOR = 1.53 for <$35,000 vs. ≥$100,000), often/sometimes experiencing food insecurity (AOR = 1.41 vs. never), and eating more sweet foods than usual since start of the pandemic (AOR = 2.47 vs. same as usual). The factors that were significantly associated with greater odds of high SSB intake (≥2 times/day) were males (AOR = 1.51), lower education (AOR = 1.98 for ≤high school; AOR = 1.33 for some college vs. college graduate), currently having children (AOR = 1.65), living in nonmetropolitan areas (AOR = 1.34), and drinking more SSB than usual since the pandemic began (AOR = 2.23 vs. same as usual). Younger age, Black race, and reductions in consumption during COVID-19 were related to lower sweet food and SSB intakes.
Our findings, which identified high consumers of sweet foods or SSB, can be used to inform efforts to reduce consumers' added sugars intake during pandemic recovery and support their health.
COVID-19 大流行影响了一些美国人的饮食习惯。
我们研究了美国成年人在 COVID-19 大流行期间高摄入甜食和含糖饮料（SSB）的相关特征。
这是一项横断面研究。
参与者/设置：2021 年，在 4034 名美国成年人（≥18 岁）中进行了 SummerStyles 调查数据收集。
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，各种甜食（巧克力/糖果、甜甜圈/甜面包/丹麦面包/松饼/百吉饼、饼干/蛋糕/馅饼/布朗尼、冰淇淋/冷冻甜点）和 SSB（普通苏打水、加糖咖啡/茶饮料、果汁饮料、运动饮料和能量饮料）的食用频率。将回答分为 0、>0 至 <1、1 至 <2 和≥2 次/天。描述性变量包括社会人口统计学、粮食不安全、体重状况、城市地位、普查区域以及 COVID-19 大流行期间的饮食习惯变化。
使用多项回归来估计调整后的优势比（AOR），以控制特征后，对甜食和 SSB 的高消费者进行评估。
2021 年，15%的成年人报告每天食用甜食≥2 次，30%的成年人报告每天饮用 SSB≥2 次。与高甜食摄入量（≥2 次/天）显著相关的因素是家庭收入较低（AOR=1.53，<$35,000 与≥$100,000 相比）、经常/有时经历粮食不安全（AOR=1.41，与从不相比）以及自大流行开始以来食用更多甜食（AOR=2.47，与平时一样相比）。与高 SSB 摄入量（≥2 次/天）显著相关的因素是男性（AOR=1.51）、教育程度较低（AOR=1.98，高中及以下学历；AOR=1.33，部分大学学历与大学毕业相比）、目前有子女（AOR=1.65）、居住在非城市地区（AOR=1.34）以及自大流行开始以来饮用 SSB 比平时更多（AOR=2.23，与平时一样相比）。年轻、黑人种族以及 COVID-19 期间摄入量减少与甜食和 SSB 摄入量较低有关。
我们的研究结果确定了甜食或 SSB 的高消费者，可用于为大流行恢复期间减少消费者添加糖摄入量并支持其健康的努力提供信息。
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