Park Sohyun, Lee Seung Hee, Yaroch Amy L, Blanck Heidi M
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 14301 FNB Parkway, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68154, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Jan 26;14(3):526. doi: 10.3390/nu14030526.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered stress, anxiety, and disruption to many individuals’ daily lives, which might impact eating habits. Objective: To examine changes in eating habits related to less healthy foods and beverages during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic among US adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants/setting: Authors used SummerStyles data gathered in June 2020 among 3916 US adults (≥18 years). Main outcome measures: The outcome of interest was the reported frequency of consuming more (1) unhealthy snacks and desserts including chips, cookies, and ice cream and (2) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) like regular soda, fruit drinks, sports/energy drinks, sweetened coffee/teas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were categorized as Never/Rarely, Sometimes, or Often/Always. Explanatory variables were sociodemographics, weight status, and census regions. Statistical analyses performed: We used multinomial regressions to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for Sometimes or Often/Always consuming more unhealthy snacks/desserts (vs. Never/Rarely); and Sometimes or Often/Always more SSBs (vs. Never/Rarely). Results: Overall, 36% of adults reported sometimes consuming more unhealthy snacks/desserts; 16% did so often/always. Twenty-two percent of adults reported sometimes drinking more SSBs; 10% did so often/always. Factors significantly associated with higher odds of reporting often/always consuming more unhealthy snacks/desserts were younger adults (AOR range = 1.51−2.86 vs. adults ≥65 years), females (AOR = 1.58 vs. males), non-Hispanic Black (AOR = 1.89 vs. non-Hispanic White), lower household income (AOR = 2.01 for <USD 35,000 vs. ≥USD 100,000), and obesity (AOR = 1.56 vs. underweight/healthy weight). Factors significantly associated with odds of Often/Always drinking more SSBs were being younger (AOR range = 2.26−4.39 vs. adults ≥65 years), non-Hispanic Black (AOR = 3.25 vs. non-Hispanic White), Hispanic (AOR = 1.75 vs. non-Hispanic White), non-Hispanic Other race/ethnicity (AOR = 2.41 vs. non-Hispanic White), lower education (AOR = 2.03 for ≤high school; AOR = 1.80 for some college vs. college graduate), lower household income (AOR range = 1.64−3.15 vs. ≥USD 100,000), and obesity (AOR = 1.61 vs. underweight/healthy weight). Conclusions: Consuming more sugary foods and SSBs during the first phase of the pandemic was higher in younger adults, lower-income adults, people of racial/ethnic minority groups, and adults with obesity. Dietary shifts to less healthy foods and drinks may influence metabolic health if sustained long-term. Implementing strategies to support individual’s healthy eating habits during the ongoing pandemic and the pandemic recovery may benefit health and wellness.
新冠疫情给许多人的日常生活带来了压力、焦虑和困扰，这可能会影响饮食习惯。目的：研究美国成年人在新冠疫情早期与不健康食品和饮料相关的饮食习惯变化。设计：横断面研究。参与者/研究背景：作者使用了2020年6月收集的3916名美国成年人（≥18岁）的夏季风格数据。主要结局指标：感兴趣的结局是报告在新冠疫情期间食用更多（1）不健康零食和甜点（包括薯片、饼干和冰淇淋）以及（2）含糖饮料（SSB）（如有规律的苏打水、果汁饮料、运动/能量饮料、加糖咖啡/茶）的频率。回答被分为从不/很少、有时或经常/总是。解释变量为社会人口统计学、体重状况和人口普查区域。进行的统计分析：我们使用多项回归来计算有时或经常/总是食用更多不健康零食/甜点（与从不/很少相比）以及有时或经常/总是饮用更多SSB（与从不/很少相比）的调整后比值比（AOR）。结果：总体而言，36%的成年人报告有时食用更多不健康零食/甜点；16%的人经常/总是这样。22%的成年人报告有时饮用更多SSB；10%的人经常/总是这样。与经常/总是食用更多不健康零食/甜点的较高几率显著相关的因素包括年轻成年人（AOR范围=1.51−2.86，与≥65岁的成年人相比）、女性（AOR=1.58，与男性相比）、非西班牙裔黑人（AOR=1.89，与非西班牙裔白人相比）、家庭收入较低（<35000美元与≥100000美元相比，AOR=2.01）以及肥胖（AOR=1.56，与体重过轻/健康体重相比）。与经常/总是饮用更多SSB的几率显著相关的因素包括年轻（AOR范围=2.26−4.39，与≥65岁的成年人相比）、非西班牙裔黑人（AOR=3.25，与非西班牙裔白人相比）、西班牙裔（AOR=1.75，与非西班牙裔白人相比）、非西班牙裔其他种族/族裔（AOR=2.41与非西班牙裔白人相比）、教育程度较低（≤高中，AOR=2.03；部分大学学历，AOR=1.80，与大学毕业生相比）、家庭收入较低（AOR范围=1.64−3.15，与≥100000美元相比）以及肥胖（AOR=1.61，与体重过轻/健康体重相比）。结论：在疫情第一阶段，年轻成年人、低收入成年人、少数族裔群体的成年人以及肥胖成年人食用更多含糖食品和SSB的情况更为普遍。如果长期持续，向不健康食品和饮料的饮食转变可能会影响代谢健康。在当前疫情期间和疫情恢复期间实施支持个人健康饮食习惯的策略可能有益于健康和福祉。
