School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Nutrients. 2023 May 18;15(10):2370. doi: 10.3390/nu15102370.
Human milk provides all of the elements necessary for infant growth and development. Previous studies have reported associations between breastfeeding and a reduced risk of developing obesity and late-onset metabolic disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, intakes of human milk components have been associated with infant body composition, which is likely partially implicated in the reduced risk of developing childhood obesity among breastfed infants. In this systematic review, we searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies that explored relationships between the 24 h intakes of human milk macronutrients and bioactive components and infant body composition and/or growth parameters. Of 13 eligible studies, 10 assessed relationships of infant body composition and growth outcomes with human milk macronutrients, while 8 studies assessed relationships with human milk bioactive components. Significant time-dependent relationships with infant anthropometrics and body composition were found for intakes and no relationships for concentrations of several human milk components, such as lactose, total protein, and human milk oligosaccharides, suggesting that measuring concentrations of human milk components without quantifying the intake by the infant may provide a limited understanding. Future studies investigating the effect of human milk components on infant growth and body composition outcomes should consider measuring the actual intake of components and employ standardised methods for measuring milk intake.
人乳提供了婴儿生长和发育所需的所有元素。先前的研究报告了母乳喂养与肥胖和迟发性代谢紊乱风险降低之间的关联；然而，其潜在机制尚不清楚。最近，人乳成分的摄入量与婴儿的身体成分有关，这可能部分解释了母乳喂养婴儿中儿童肥胖风险降低的原因。在这项系统评价中，我们检索了电子文献数据库，以寻找探索 24 小时人乳宏量营养素和生物活性成分摄入量与婴儿身体成分和/或生长参数之间关系的研究。在 13 项合格的研究中，有 10 项评估了婴儿身体成分和生长结局与人乳宏量营养素的关系，而 8 项研究评估了与人乳生物活性成分的关系。人乳某些成分（如乳糖、总蛋白和人乳寡糖）的摄入量与人的身体测量值和身体成分呈显著的时间依赖性关系，但浓度没有关系，这表明仅测量人乳成分的浓度而不量化婴儿的摄入量可能提供的理解有限。未来研究应考虑测量婴儿实际摄入的成分，并采用标准化方法来测量奶量，以研究人乳成分对婴儿生长和身体成分结果的影响。
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