Nunes Ana R, Costa Elisabete C, Alves Gilberto, Silva Luís R
CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 May 12;16(5):736. doi: 10.3390/ph16050736.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by abnormal blood glucose levels-hyperglycemia, caused by a lack of insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or a combination of both. The incidence of DM is increasing, resulting in billions of dollars in annual healthcare costs worldwide. Current therapeutics aim to control hyperglycemia and reduce blood glucose levels to normal. However, most modern drugs have numerous side effects, some of which cause severe kidney and liver problems. On the other hand, natural compounds rich in anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin) have also been used for the prevention and treatment of DM. However, lack of standardization, poor stability, unpleasant taste, and decreased absorption leading to low bioavailability have hindered the application of anthocyanins as therapeutics. Therefore, nanotechnology has been used for more successful delivery of these bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the potential of anthocyanins for the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications, as well as the strategies and advances in the delivery of anthocyanins using nanoformulations.
糖尿病（DM）是一种代谢性疾病，其特征是血糖水平异常——高血糖，这是由胰岛素分泌不足、胰岛素作用受损或两者共同作用引起的。糖尿病的发病率正在上升，导致全球每年数十亿美元的医疗费用。目前的治疗方法旨在控制高血糖并将血糖水平降至正常。然而，大多数现代药物有许多副作用，其中一些会导致严重的肾脏和肝脏问题。另一方面，富含花青素（矢车菊素、飞燕草素、锦葵色素、天竺葵色素、芍药色素和矮牵牛色素）的天然化合物也已用于糖尿病的预防和治疗。然而，缺乏标准化、稳定性差、味道不佳以及吸收减少导致生物利用度低，阻碍了花青素作为治疗药物的应用。因此，纳米技术已被用于更成功地递送这些生物活性化合物。本综述总结了花青素在预防和治疗糖尿病及其并发症方面的潜力，以及使用纳米制剂递送花青素的策略和进展。
