School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada.
Bioresour Technol. 2023 Sep;383:129223. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129223. Epub 2023 May 25.
Hydrochar has become a popular product for immobilizing heavy metals in water bodies. However, the relationships between the preparation conditions, hydrochar properties, adsorption conditions, heavy metal types, and the maximum adsorption capacity (Q) of hydrochar are not adequately explored. Four artificial intelligence models were used in this study to predict the Q of hydrochar and identify the key influencing factors. The gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) showed excellent predictive capability for this study (R = 0.93, RMSE = 25.65). Hydrochar properties (37%) controlled heavy metal adsorption. Meanwhile, the optimal hydrochar properties were revealed, including the C, H, N, and O contents of 57.28-78.31%, 3.56-5.61%, 2.01-6.42%, and 20.78-25.37%. Higher hydrothermal temperatures (>220 °C) and longer hydrothermal time (>10 h) lead to the optimal type and density of surface functional groups for heavy metal adsorption, which increased the Q values. This study has great potential for instructing industrial applications of hydrochar in treating heavy metal pollution.
水葫芦已经成为水体中固定重金属的一种流行产品。然而，水葫芦的制备条件、性质、吸附条件、重金属类型与水葫芦最大吸附量（Q）之间的关系尚未得到充分探索。本研究采用四种人工智能模型预测水葫芦的 Q 值并识别关键影响因素。梯度提升决策树（GBDT）对本研究具有出色的预测能力（R = 0.93，RMSE = 25.65）。水葫芦的性质（37%）控制着重金属的吸附。同时，揭示了最佳的水葫芦性质，包括 C、H、N 和 O 含量为 57.28-78.31%、3.56-5.61%、2.01-6.42%和 20.78-25.37%。更高的水热温度（>220°C）和更长的水热时间（>10 小时）导致表面官能团的最佳类型和密度有利于重金属吸附，从而提高了 Q 值。本研究对指导水葫芦在处理重金属污染方面的工业应用具有重要意义。
