School of Economics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Land and Ocean Interface, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; Stake Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 1;343:118172. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118172. Epub 2023 May 26.
The extractive industry consumes vast amounts of energy and is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, its climatic impacts have not yet been fully accounted for. In this study, we estimated the GHG emissions from extractive activities globally with a focus on China, and assessed the main emission drivers. In addition, we predicted the Chinese extractive industry emissions in the context of global mineral demand and cycling. As of 2020, GHG emissions from the global extractive industry had reached 7.7 billion tons of CO equivalents (COe), accounting for approximately 15.0% of the global anthropogenic GHG emissions (excluding GHG emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry activities (LULUCF), with China being the largest emitter, accounting for 3.5% of global emissions. Extractive industry GHG emissions are projected to peak by 2030 or even earlier to achieve low-carbon peak targets. The most critical pathway for reducing GHG emissions in the extractive industry is to control emissions from coal mining. Therefore, reducing methane emissions from mining and washing coal (MWC) should be prioritized.
采矿业消耗大量能源，是温室气体（GHG）排放的主要贡献者。然而，其气候影响尚未得到充分考虑。在这项研究中，我们估计了全球采矿业的温室气体排放，重点关注中国，并评估了主要的排放驱动因素。此外，我们还预测了在全球矿产需求和循环背景下中国采矿业的排放。截至 2020 年，全球采矿业的温室气体排放已达到 77 亿吨二氧化碳当量（COe），约占全球人为温室气体排放（不包括土地利用、土地利用变化和林业活动（LULUCF）的温室气体排放）的 15.0%，其中中国的排放量最大，占全球排放量的 3.5%。预计采矿业的温室气体排放将在 2030 年或更早达到峰值，以实现低碳峰值目标。减少采矿业温室气体排放的最关键途径是控制煤矿开采的排放。因此，应优先减少煤矿开采和洗煤（MWC）过程中的甲烷排放。
