MARS Group (Health Related Water Microbiology Group), Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Section of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Section of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 20;892:164495. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164495. Epub 2023 May 26.
Wastewater-based surveillance can be a valuable tool to monitor viral circulation and serve as an early warning system. For respiratory viruses that share similar clinical symptoms, namely SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), identification in wastewater may allow differentiation between seasonal outbreaks and COVID-19 peaks. In this study, to monitor these viruses as well as standard indicators of fecal contamination, a weekly sampling campaign was carried out for 15 months (from September 2021 to November 2022) in two wastewater treatment plants that serve the entire population of Barcelona (Spain). Samples were concentrated by the aluminum hydroxide adsorption-precipitation method and then analyzed by RNA extraction and RT-qPCR. All samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2, while the positivity rates for influenza virus and RSV were significantly lower (10.65 % for influenza A (IAV), 0.82 % for influenza B (IBV), 37.70 % for RSV-A and 34.43 % for RSV-B). Gene copy concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 were often approximately 1 to 2 logarithmic units higher compared to the other respiratory viruses. Clear peaks of IAV H3:N2 in February and March 2022 and RSV in winter 2021 were observed, which matched the chronological incidence of infections recorded in the Catalan Government clinical database. In conclusion, the data obtained from wastewater surveillance provided new information on the abundance of respiratory viruses in the Barcelona area and correlated favorably with clinical data.
污水监测可以成为监测病毒传播并作为预警系统的有价值工具。对于具有相似临床症状的呼吸道病毒，即 SARS-CoV-2、流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)，在污水中的识别可以区分季节性爆发和 COVID-19 高峰。在这项研究中，为了监测这些病毒以及粪便污染的标准指标，在两个为巴塞罗那（西班牙）全部人口服务的污水处理厂进行了为期 15 个月（2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 11 月）的每周采样活动。样本通过氢氧化铝吸附沉淀法浓缩，然后通过 RNA 提取和 RT-qPCR 进行分析。所有样本均检测到 SARS-CoV-2 呈阳性，而流感病毒和 RSV 的阳性率明显较低（流感病毒 A (IAV) 为 10.65%，流感病毒 B (IBV) 为 0.82%，RSV-A 为 37.70%，RSV-B 为 34.43%）。SARS-CoV-2 的基因拷贝浓度通常比其他呼吸道病毒高 1 到 2 个对数单位。在 2022 年 2 月和 3 月观察到了流感病毒 H3:N2 和 RSV 的明显高峰，与加泰罗尼亚政府临床数据库记录的感染时间顺序相符。总之，污水监测获得的数据提供了巴塞罗那地区呼吸道病毒丰度的新信息，并与临床数据很好地相关。
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