Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
Institute of Neuroscience, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222005, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2023 Jun;193:105445. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105445. Epub 2023 May 13.
Avermectin pollution is an important problem that cannot be ignored in aquatic system in recent years. It has brought great trouble to freshwater aquaculture, especially fishery aquaculture. Plant-derived quercetin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is widely used as a dietary additive, but its protective effect on immune damage induced by avermectin in freshwater carp remains unclear. This study evaluated the role of dietary additive quercetin supplementation in chronic avermectin exposure of carp spleen. Sixty carp were divided into 4 groups (n = 15/ group), including control group, avermectin treatment group, quercetin treatment group, quercetin and avermectin co-treatment group. Carp were exposed to a 1/10 96 h LC dose of avermectin for 30 d and fed a carp diet containing 400 mg/kg quercetin twice a day (3% body weigh/ carp). The results showed that chronic avermectin exposure caused the loose parenchymal structure of carp spleen tissue and the increase of inflammatory cells, accompanied by increased transcription levels of pro-inflammatory il-1β, il-6, tnf-α and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory factors il-10 and tgf-β1, ROS accumulation in spleen tissue. MDA content increased and T-AOC, CAT and GSH levels decreased. Quercetin down-regulates the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the expression of iNOS and activating p38 MAPK, blocking the transcription of inflammatory factors, and alleviating the inflammation of carp spleen caused by chronic avermectin exposure. In addition, quercetin inhibits the over-activation of Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling axis, blocks ROS accumulation, and restores the spleen REDOX homeostasis. In conclusion, quercetin, as a dietary additive for carp feed, can effectively improve the immune damage caused by avermectin pollution in aquatic environment, resist spleen inflammation and oxidative stress, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical development of freshwater carp feed.
阿维菌素污染是近年来水生系统中一个不容忽视的重要问题。它给淡水养殖业，尤其是渔业养殖带来了巨大的麻烦。植物源性槲皮素具有抗炎和抗氧化特性，被广泛用作膳食添加剂，但它对淡水鲤鱼因阿维菌素引起的免疫损伤的保护作用尚不清楚。本研究评估了膳食添加剂槲皮素补充剂在慢性阿维菌素暴露于鲤鱼脾脏中的作用。将 60 条鲤鱼分为 4 组（n=15/组），包括对照组、阿维菌素处理组、槲皮素处理组、槲皮素和阿维菌素共处理组。鲤鱼暴露于 1/10 的 96 小时 LC 剂量的阿维菌素 30 天，并每天两次喂食含有 400mg/kg 槲皮素的鲤鱼饲料（3%体重/鲤鱼）。结果表明，慢性阿维菌素暴露导致鲤鱼脾脏组织实质结构疏松，炎性细胞增多，伴有促炎因子 il-1β、il-6、tnf-α转录水平升高，抗炎因子 il-10 和 tgf-β1 水平降低，脾脏组织 ROS 积累增加。MDA 含量增加，T-AOC、CAT 和 GSH 水平降低。槲皮素通过抑制 iNOS 的表达和激活 p38 MAPK 来下调 NF-κB 通路，阻断炎症因子的转录，从而缓解慢性阿维菌素暴露引起的鲤鱼脾脏炎症。此外，槲皮素抑制 Nrf2/Keap-1 信号轴的过度激活，阻止 ROS 积累，恢复脾脏的氧化还原平衡。综上所述，槲皮素作为鲤鱼饲料的膳食添加剂，能有效改善水产环境中阿维菌素污染对鲤鱼造成的免疫损伤，抵抗脾脏炎症和氧化应激，为开发淡水鲤鱼饲料提供理论依据。
