Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Aug;45(8):5579-5598. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01627-3. Epub 2023 May 30.
Bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and kidney cancer, due to their high morbidity and mortality rates, result in significant economic and health care costs. Arsenic exposure affects the drinking water of millions of people worldwide. Long-term exposure to arsenic, even in low concentrations, increases the risk of developing various cancers. Smoking is also one of the leading causes of bladder, prostate and kidney cancers. Accordingly, this research reviews the relationship between arsenic exposure and smoking with three kinds of urinary tract cancers (bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and kidney cancer) due to their widespread concern for their negative impact on public health globally. In this review, we have gathered the most current information from scientific databases [PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ISI web of science] regarding the relationship between arsenic exposure and tobacco smoking with the risk of bladder, prostate, and kidney cancer. In several studies, a significant relationship was determined between the incidence and mortality rate of the above-mentioned cancers in humans with arsenic exposure and tobacco smoking. The decrease or cessation of smoking and consumption of arsenic-free water significantly declined the incidence of bladder, prostate, and kidney cancers.
膀胱癌、前列腺癌和肾癌的发病率和死亡率都很高，因此给经济和医疗保健带来了巨大的负担。砷暴露影响着全世界数百万人的饮用水。长期暴露于低浓度的砷也会增加患各种癌症的风险。吸烟也是膀胱癌、前列腺癌和肾癌的主要病因之一。因此，由于其对全球公共健康的负面影响受到广泛关注，本研究综述了砷暴露与吸烟与三种尿路癌（膀胱癌、前列腺癌和肾癌）之间的关系。在本综述中，我们从科学数据库[PubMed、Scopus、Google Scholar、ISI web of science]中收集了关于砷暴露与烟草吸烟与膀胱癌、前列腺癌和肾癌风险之间关系的最新信息。在几项研究中，发现人类砷暴露和吸烟与上述癌症的发病率和死亡率之间存在显著关系。减少或停止吸烟和饮用不含砷的水可显著降低膀胱癌、前列腺癌和肾癌的发病率。
