Barord Gregory J, Combosch David J, Giribet Gonzalo, Landman Neil, Lemer Sarah, Veloso Job, Ward Peter D
Department of Marine Science, Central Campus, Des Moines, Iowa, USA Department of Marine Science, Central Campus Des Moines United States of America.
Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam, USA Harvard University Cambridge United States of America.
Zookeys. 2023 Jan 25;1143:51-69. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1143.84427. eCollection 2023.
Nautiloids are a charismatic group of marine molluscs best known for their rich fossil record, but today they are restricted to a handful of species in the family Nautilidae from around the Coral Triangle. Recent genetic work has shown a disconnect between traditional species, originally defined on shell characters, but now with new findings from genetic structure of various populations. Here, three new species of from the Coral Sea and South Pacific region are formally named using observations of shell and soft anatomical data augmented by genetic information: (from American Samoa), (from Fiji), and (from Vanuatu). The formal naming of these three species is timely considering the new and recently published information on genetic structure, geographic occurrence, and new morphological characters, including color patterns of shell and soft part morphology of hood, and will aid in managing these possibly endangered animals. As recently proposed from genetic analyses, there is a strong geographic component affecting taxonomy, with the new species coming from larger island groups that are separated by at least 200 km of deep water (greater than 800 m) from other populations and potential habitats. Nautilid shells implode at depths greater than 800 m and depth therefore acts as a biogeographical barrier separating these species. This isolation, coupled with the unique, endemic species in each locale, are important considerations for the conservation management of the extant species and populations.
鹦鹉螺是一类极具魅力的海洋软体动物，以其丰富的化石记录而闻名，但如今它们仅存于珊瑚三角区附近鹦鹉螺科的少数几个物种。最近的遗传学研究表明，最初基于壳特征定义的传统物种与现在根据不同种群遗传结构的新发现之间存在脱节。在此，利用壳观察和软解剖数据，并辅以遗传信息，正式命名了来自珊瑚海和南太平洋地区的三个新物种：（来自美属萨摩亚）、（来自斐济）和（来自瓦努阿图）。考虑到关于遗传结构、地理分布以及新形态特征（包括壳的颜色模式和头罩软部形态）的新的且最近发表的信息，这三个物种的正式命名很及时，并且将有助于管理这些可能濒危的动物。正如最近从遗传分析中所提出的，存在一个强烈影响分类学的地理因素，新物种来自较大的岛屿群，这些岛屿群与其他鹦鹉螺种群和潜在栖息地被至少200公里的深水（大于800米）隔开。鹦鹉螺壳在深度大于800米时会内爆，因此深度起到了将这些物种分隔开的生物地理屏障的作用。这种隔离，再加上每个地区独特的特有物种，是现存鹦鹉螺物种和种群保护管理的重要考虑因素。
