Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
School of Business, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 30;23(1):1009. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15725-5.
This systematic review was conducted to identify health beliefs and modifying factors influencing physical (in) activity among adult women in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates).
A comprehensive search of the Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify relevant articles published between 2009 and 2019. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data collection and analysis based on the health belief model were performed to systematically examine the relationships of health beliefs and modifying factors to physical activity.
The sample comprised 15 studies (Saudi Arabia, n = 6; Oman, n = 5; Qatar, n = 2; Kuwait, n = 2). Reported physical activity prevalences were low (nearly 0% to 50%) and depended on the location, subpopulation, and measurement instrument. Evidence for relationships of modifying factors and health beliefs to physical activity was scarce and sometimes inconclusive. Among modifying factors, middle age and employment were associated positively with physical activity; marital status, educational level, income, and body mass index were not associated. Regarding health beliefs, the only conclusive evidence reported was that a lack of time was not associated significantly with physical activity in a population of men and women. Women reported a lack of social support and lack of skills significantly more frequently than men; these factors may explain the gender difference in physical activity prevalence. Differences in the reporting of fear of injury and lack of willpower were not significant.
Robust qualitative and quantitative research on the contributions of health beliefs and modifying factors to the low prevalence of physical activity among women in GCC countries is urgently needed. Current evidence indicates that unemployed women, women aged < 25 years, and elderly women are less likely to be physically active. Women in this population are more likely than men to believe that a lack social support and skills affects their physical activity. Many known factors and health beliefs appear to be unrelated to physical activity among adult women in GCC countries.
本系统评价旨在确定影响海湾合作委员会（GCC）国家（巴林、科威特、阿曼、卡塔尔、沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯联合酋长国）成年女性身体（活动）的健康信念和调节因素。
对 Medline（Ovid）、EMBASE、Cochrane 中央、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库进行了全面检索，以确定 2009 年至 2019 年期间发表的相关文章。使用混合方法评估工具评估纳入研究的质量。根据健康信念模型进行数据收集和分析，系统地检查健康信念和调节因素与身体活动的关系。
样本包括 15 项研究（沙特阿拉伯，n=6；阿曼，n=5；卡塔尔，n=2；科威特，n=2）。报告的身体活动流行率较低（接近 0%至 50%），且取决于地点、亚人群和测量仪器。关于调节因素和健康信念与身体活动关系的证据很少，有时甚至没有结论。在调节因素中，中年和就业与身体活动呈正相关；婚姻状况、教育水平、收入和体重指数与身体活动无关。关于健康信念，报告的唯一确凿证据是，在男性和女性人群中，缺乏时间与身体活动没有显著关联。女性比男性更频繁地报告缺乏社会支持和缺乏技能；这些因素可能解释了身体活动流行率的性别差异。对受伤恐惧和缺乏意志力的报告差异没有统计学意义。
迫切需要对健康信念和调节因素对 GCC 国家女性身体活动低流行率的贡献进行强有力的定性和定量研究。目前的证据表明，失业妇女、年龄<25 岁的妇女和老年妇女不太可能进行身体活动。该人群中的女性比男性更有可能认为缺乏社会支持和技能会影响她们的身体活动。许多已知的因素和健康信念似乎与 GCC 国家成年女性的身体活动无关。
