C R Biol. 2023 Feb 2;346:13-24. doi: 10.5802/crbiol.107.
This article summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of plankton biogeography obtained by genomic approaches and the impacts of global warming on it. Large-scale comparison of the genomic content of samples of different plankton size fractions revealed a partitioning of the oceans into genomic provinces and the impact of major oceanic currents on them. By defining ecological niches, these provinces are extrapolated to all oceans, with the exception of the Arctic Ocean. By the end of the 21st century, a major restructuring of these provinces is projected in response to a high emission greenhouse gas scenario over 50% of the surface of the studied oceans. Such a restructuring could lead to a decrease in export production by 4%. Finally, obtaining assembled sequences of a large number of plankton genomes defining this biogeography has allowed to better characterize the genomic content of the provinces and to identify the species structuring them. These genomes similarly enabled a better description of potential future changes of plankton communities under climate change.
本文总结了通过基因组方法获得的浮游生物生物地理学的最新进展，以及全球变暖对其的影响。对不同浮游生物大小分数样本的基因组内容进行大规模比较，揭示了海洋的基因组省的划分以及主要海洋流对它们的影响。通过定义生态位，这些省份被推断到除了北冰洋之外的所有海洋。到 21 世纪末，预计这些省份将进行重大重组，以应对温室气体高排放情景下研究海洋表面 50%以上的情况。这种重组可能导致出口产量减少 4%。最后，获得大量浮游生物基因组的组装序列来定义这种生物地理学，使得能够更好地描述省份的基因组内容，并确定构成它们的物种。这些基因组同样使我们能够更好地描述在气候变化下浮游生物群落的潜在未来变化。
