Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7024 Burnett Womack Building, CB 7155, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7024 Burnett Womack Building, CB 7155, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2023 Jul;107(4):727-737. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.03.006. Epub 2023 Apr 8.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a key clinical entity for the internist to recognize and understand. A wide range of infectious, metabolic, malignant, and autoimmune processes drive nephrosis, leading to a syndrome defined by proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. NS occurs due to increased permeability to proteins at the level of the glomerulus, which allows for passage of albumin and other proteins into the urine. Proteinuria leads to a cascade of clinical complications characterized by fluid accumulation, kidney inflammation, and dysregulation of coagulation and immunity. In this article, the authors review the clinically important etiologies of NS that should inform an initial clinical evaluation.
肾病综合征（NS）是内科医生需要识别和理解的重要临床病症。一系列感染、代谢、恶性和自身免疫过程均可导致肾病，从而引发以蛋白尿、水肿和低白蛋白血症为特征的综合征。NS 是由于肾小球层面蛋白质通透性增加引起的，白蛋白和其他蛋白质因此可进入尿液。蛋白尿引发了一系列临床并发症，包括液体蓄积、肾脏炎症以及凝血和免疫失调。本文作者综述了 NS 的一些重要临床病因，这些病因有助于指导初始临床评估。
