Wang Nannan, Deng Xueqin, Zhang Ting, Tao Yonglin, Feng Qing
Department of Nursing, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Department of Emergency, Shanghai Baoshan Medical Emergency Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2025 Aug 27;21:1295-1305. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S538455. eCollection 2025.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is frequently accompanied by serious complications such as edema-related infections, thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury, which can significantly impact prognosis. Nurses are essential in early identification, patient education, and implementation of preventive measures. This study explores the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) levels of nurses concerning complication prevention in nephrotic syndrome and identifies relevant influencing factors.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to December 2023 across Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Baoshan Medical Emergency Center in China, targeting nurses working in nephrology-related units. A total of 246 valid responses were obtained using a structured and pre-validated KAP questionnaire. The instrument included domains assessing factual understanding, behavioral attitudes, and routine clinical practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression to determine relationships between demographic variables and KAP outcomes.
The mean knowledge score among respondents was 5.12±2.67, attitude score was 18.76±5.02, and practice score was 30.45±11.07. Correlational analysis revealed significant positive associations between knowledge and practice (r = 0.421, p < 0.001), and between attitude and practice (r = 0.336, p = 0.015). Regression analysis identified prior nephrology education, years of clinical experience, and academic qualifications as independent predictors of higher practice scores.
While nurses generally hold positive attitudes towards complication prevention in nephrotic syndrome (NS), there are significant gaps in their knowledge and inconsistencies in the application of preventive practices. These findings emphasize the need for targeted training programs to enhance nurses' practical competencies in managing NS complications. By improving nurses' knowledge and clinical practices, especially in early detection and prevention, patient outcomes can be significantly improved, leading to more effective management of NS-related complications.
肾病综合征（NS）常伴有严重并发症，如与水肿相关的感染、血栓栓塞和急性肾损伤，这些会显著影响预后。护士在早期识别、患者教育及预防措施的实施方面至关重要。本研究探讨护士对肾病综合征并发症预防的知识、态度和实践（KAP）水平，并确定相关影响因素。
于2023年1月至12月在中国上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院和上海宝山医疗急救中心开展横断面调查，对象为在肾病相关科室工作的护士。使用经过结构化且预先验证的KAP问卷共获得246份有效回复。该问卷包括评估事实性理解、行为态度和常规临床实践的领域。采用描述性统计、Pearson相关性分析和逻辑回归分析数据，以确定人口统计学变量与KAP结果之间的关系。
受访者的知识平均得分为5.12±2.67，态度平均得分为18.76±5.02，实践平均得分为30.45±11.07。相关性分析显示知识与实践之间存在显著正相关（r = 0.421，p < 0.001），态度与实践之间也存在显著正相关（r = 0.336，p = 0.015）。回归分析确定既往肾病学教育、临床工作年限和学历是实践得分较高的独立预测因素。
虽然护士对肾病综合征并发症预防总体持积极态度，但他们的知识存在显著差距，预防措施的应用也不一致。这些发现强调需要有针对性的培训项目来提高护士管理肾病综合征并发症的实践能力。通过提高护士的知识和临床实践，特别是在早期检测和预防方面，可以显著改善患者预后，从而更有效地管理与肾病综合征相关的并发症。
