School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT.
School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT; United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Technology and Development Program, Missoula, MT.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2023 Sep;34(3):334-340. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2023.04.004. Epub 2023 May 29.
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) must undergo a 2-wk critical training (CT) period prior to deployment to the field. This stress may result in clinical risks, including severe muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis. We aimed to document the effects of WLFFs' CT on physiologic markers of muscle damage and soreness.
Two interagency hotshot crews (n=25) were followed during spring 2022 for 80 h of training. Activity counts as well as records of upper-body (US) and lower-body (LS) muscle soreness were collected daily. Body weight (BW) and skinfold measurements were recorded on Day 1 (D1) and D11 to estimate body fat (BF) and lean body weight (LBW). Blood was collected on D1 and D11 to measure muscle and liver damage markers.
Critical training resulted in significant elevations in creatine kinase (CK) (216.9±57.4 U/L vs 5166.4±1927.8 U/L, P=0.017) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (175.5±4.0 IU/L vs 340.0±42.6 IU/L, P=0.001) despite no significant changes in BW, BF, LBW, cortisol, or testosterone. Main effects of time were seen in US and LS, peaking on D11 (US: 5.2±0.4 cm, P<0.001; LS: 5.5±0.4 cm, P<0.001). Those who spent the most minutes with activity counts of >1500 counts/min showed the greatest increase in CK and LDH.
These data suggest that WLFFs undergo significant physiologic stressors, resulting in muscle soreness and damage during CT, with 6 of the 25 subjects reaching critical levels of serum CK. It appears that much of the muscle damage and soreness occurred because of unaccustomed WLFF job-specific tasks.
野外消防员（WLFF）在部署到野外之前必须经过为期 2 周的关键培训（CT）期。这种压力可能会导致临床风险，包括严重的肌肉损伤和横纹肌溶解。我们旨在记录 WLFF CT 对肌肉损伤和酸痛的生理标志物的影响。
在 2022 年春季，对两个跨机构的热点人员（n=25）进行了 80 小时的培训跟踪。每天收集活动计数以及上半身（US）和下半身（LS）肌肉酸痛的记录。在第 1 天（D1）和第 11 天（D11）记录体重（BW）和皮褶测量值，以估计体脂（BF）和瘦体重（LBW）。在 D1 和 D11 采集血液以测量肌肉和肝脏损伤标志物。
关键培训导致肌酸激酶（CK）（216.9±57.4 U/L 与 5166.4±1927.8 U/L，P=0.017）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）（175.5±4.0 IU/L 与 340.0±42.6 IU/L，P=0.001）显著升高，尽管 BW、BF、LBW、皮质醇或睾酮没有显著变化。在 US 和 LS 中观察到时间的主要影响，在 D11 达到峰值（US：5.2±0.4 cm，P<0.001；LS：5.5±0.4 cm，P<0.001）。那些活动计数超过 1500 次/分钟的分钟数最多的人，CK 和 LDH 的增加最大。
这些数据表明，WLFF 在 CT 期间经历了重大的生理压力源，导致肌肉酸痛和损伤，其中 25 名受试者中的 6 名达到了血清 CK 的临界水平。似乎大部分肌肉损伤和酸痛是由于不习惯的 WLFF 特定工作任务造成的。
