Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510310 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
J Integr Neurosci. 2023 May 6;22(3):58. doi: 10.31083/j.jin2203058.
As a large and heterogeneous group of disorders, neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of structure or function in neurons, finally leading to neuronal death. Neurodegenerative diseases cause serious threat to a patient's quality of life and the most common are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Currently, little is known of the detailed etiology of these disorders; as such, there are no effective treatments available. Furthermore, the lack of targeted, effective, and resolvable therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, represents an expanding research field for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Investigations of the potential pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases will become the basis of preventing the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and finding effective therapies. Existing theories and mechanisms, such as genetic and environmental factors, abnormal protein accumulation, and oxidative stress, are intricately associated with each other. However, there is no molecular theory that can entirely explain the pathological processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the development of experimental technology and the support of multidisciplinary integration, it has been possible to perform more in-depth research on potential targets for neurodegenerative diseases and there have been many exciting discoveries in terms of original theories and underlying mechanisms. With this review, we intend to review the existing literature and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases.
作为一组庞大且异质的疾病，神经退行性疾病的特征是神经元结构或功能的进行性丧失，最终导致神经元死亡。神经退行性疾病严重威胁患者的生活质量，其中最常见的是阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。目前，这些疾病的详细病因知之甚少；因此，尚无有效的治疗方法。此外，缺乏针对神经退行性疾病的靶向、有效和可解决的治疗方法，代表着发现新治疗策略的研究领域不断扩大。对神经退行性疾病潜在发病机制的研究将成为预防神经退行性疾病发生和发展以及寻找有效治疗方法的基础。现有的理论和机制，如遗传和环境因素、异常蛋白积累和氧化应激等，彼此错综复杂地联系在一起。然而，没有一个分子理论可以完全解释神经退行性疾病的病理过程。由于实验技术的发展和多学科融合的支持，对神经退行性疾病的潜在靶点进行了更深入的研究，并在原始理论和潜在机制方面取得了许多令人兴奋的发现。通过本次综述，我们旨在回顾现有文献，并为神经退行性疾病的分子机制提供新的见解。
