Shively C A, Kaplan J R, Adams M R
Physiol Behav. 1986;36(6):1147-53. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(86)90492-0.
The effects of ovariectomy, social instability and social status on affiliative and agonistic behavior were studied in 44 females housed in 10 unimale groups. Five of the groups contained ovariectomized females and five groups contained intact females. The membership among three groups of intact females (n = 13) and three groups of ovariectomized females (n = 13) was reorganized every three months (unstable), and the other groups were left undisturbed (stable) for the 22 month study. The behavior of each female was recorded during 160 (stable) or 190 (unstable) 15 min focal observations of each subject. The social status of each female was determined by outcomes of agonistic interactions. It was hypothesized that the effects of social instability and status would be more pervasive than the effects of ovariectomy. It was found that ovariectomy reduced interfemale affiliation and increased male-female agonism. Social instability increased submissions to males and females and time spent alone, and decreased interfemale affiliation. Dominant animals were more aggressive and less submissive than subordinates. Thus, ovariectomy influenced both isosexual and heterosexual social interaction, implying mediation of these behaviors, at least in part, by ovarian hormones.
在10个单雄群体中饲养的44只雌性动物身上，研究了卵巢切除、社会不稳定和社会地位对亲和行为与攻击行为的影响。其中5个群体包含卵巢切除的雌性动物，5个群体包含未切除卵巢的雌性动物。在为期22个月的研究中，对3组未切除卵巢的雌性动物（n = 13）和3组卵巢切除的雌性动物（n = 13）每三个月进行一次成员重组（不稳定组），其他组保持不变（稳定组）。在对每个个体进行160次（稳定组）或190次（不稳定组）15分钟的焦点观察期间，记录每只雌性动物的行为。通过攻击互动的结果确定每只雌性动物的社会地位。研究假设社会不稳定和社会地位的影响比卵巢切除的影响更为普遍。研究发现，卵巢切除减少了雌性间的亲和行为，增加了雌雄间的攻击行为。社会不稳定增加了对雄性和雌性的顺从以及独自度过的时间，并减少了雌性间的亲和行为。占主导地位的动物比从属动物更具攻击性且更不顺从。因此，卵巢切除影响了同性和异性的社会互动，这意味着这些行为至少部分是由卵巢激素介导的。
