Shively C A, Manuck S B, Kaplan J R, Koritnik D R
Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
Arch Sex Behav. 1990 Apr;19(2):101-17. doi: 10.1007/BF01542226.
The effects of oral contraceptive administration on the social relationships of adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were examined. Ten females were administered ethinyl estradiol/ethynodiol diacetate (Demulen), 10 were administered ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel (Ovral), and 10 served as a control group. The monkeys lived in social groups of 5 females each, and patterns of social interaction and social status were recorded. Interfemale relationships were also observed when a vasectomized male was placed in each social group for 50 min, once/week. During the latter observations, preliminary data on the effects of oral contraceptive treatment on sexual interaction were also collected. In the absence of the male, interfemale agonistic interactions and time spent alone were influenced by social status but not by oral contraceptive treatment. Time spent in passive body contact, an affiliative state, was reduced by Ovral treatment. In the presence of the male, dominant females aggressively interfered with the sexual interactions of subordinates. This aggression resulted in the termination of a greater proportion of the sexual interactions of subordinates than dominants in the control group only, indicating suppression of this type of interaction by oral contraceptive treatment. Other effects included a decreased frequency of ejaculation with Ovral-treated females. These results suggest that oral contraceptives may suppress certain types of female agonistic behavior (e.g., in the context of mate competition) and some oral contraceptives may interfere with sexual activity. More broadly, these findings indicate that intrasexual competition for access to mates may occur in females as well as males.
研究了口服避孕药对成年雌性食蟹猴（猕猴）社会关系的影响。10只雌性食蟹猴服用炔雌醇/双醋炔诺醇（迪尤林），10只服用炔雌醇/炔诺孕酮（奥炔诺孕酮），10只作为对照组。这些猴子以每组5只雌性的方式群居，记录它们的社会互动模式和社会地位。每周一次，将一只输精管结扎的雄性放入每个社会群体中50分钟，在此期间观察雌性之间的关系。在后一种观察中，还收集了口服避孕药治疗对性互动影响的初步数据。在没有雄性的情况下，雌性之间的争斗互动和独自度过的时间受社会地位影响，但不受口服避孕药治疗的影响。服用奥炔诺孕酮会减少处于被动身体接触（一种亲密状态）的时间。在有雄性的情况下，占主导地位的雌性会积极干扰从属雌性的性互动。这种攻击行为导致对照组中从属雌性的性互动比主导雌性的性互动更多地终止，这表明口服避孕药治疗抑制了这种类型的互动。其他影响包括服用奥炔诺孕酮的雌性射精频率降低。这些结果表明，口服避孕药可能会抑制某些类型的雌性争斗行为（例如，在配偶竞争的背景下），并且一些口服避孕药可能会干扰性活动。更广泛地说，这些发现表明，雌性和雄性一样，也可能存在为获得配偶而进行的同性竞争。
