Vijaikumar M, Mohanan Saritha, Sowndharya J, Udayashankar Carounanidy
Department of Skin and STD, Indira Gandhi Government General Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, Puducherry, India.
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.
Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023 Apr 27;14(3):357-360. doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_496_22. eCollection 2023 May-Jun.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure involves the comprehensive measures used to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus through various strategies such as first aid, counseling, risk assessment, relevant laboratory investigations with informed consent, the provision of short-term anti-retroviral drugs, and follow-up testing.
We sought to investigate the patterns and causes of occupational exposure in health care workers (HCWs) in our institute and the usage of PEP in our center, a tertiary care hospital in south India.
The study involved a retrospective analysis of data extracted from the records of PEP usage from the anti-retroviral treatment (ART) center attached to the dermatology, venereology and leprosy out-patient department of a tertiary care center in south India. The data were extracted into a pre-designed proforma and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
A total of 352 health care professionals reported to the ART center for PEP from 2010 to 2020. One hundred and thirty-four patients took only the first dose as the source patient later tested to be HIV-negative. Among the 218 remaining patients, 84 were male and 134 were female patients. Only 56 health care workers started the regimen within 2 hours. One hundred and thirty-four patients completed the full course of PEP. Most HCWs (n = 68, 31%) sustained the exposure while doing a procedure on the patient followed by re-capping a needle (n = 64, 29%). Gastritis and drowsiness were the most common adverse effects.
The study was limited by the retrospective nature of data collection and the lack of detailed interviews with HCWs. Knowledge about PEP, needle safety training, and training of early first aid measures should be increased among health care workers.
职业性人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）暴露后的预防（PEP）涉及一系列综合措施，旨在通过急救、咨询、风险评估、在获得知情同意的情况下进行相关实验室检查、提供短期抗逆转录病毒药物以及后续检测等多种策略，预防诸如HIV、乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒等血源性病原体的传播。
我们试图调查我院医护人员职业暴露的模式和原因，以及我院（印度南部一家三级护理医院）PEP的使用情况。
本研究对从印度南部一家三级护理中心皮肤科、性病科和麻风病门诊所附属的抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）中心的PEP使用记录中提取的数据进行回顾性分析。数据被提取到预先设计的表格中，并使用描述性统计进行分析。
2010年至2020年期间，共有352名医护人员到ART中心寻求PEP。134名患者仅服用了第一剂，因为后来源患者检测为HIV阴性。在其余218名患者中，84名是男性，134名是女性患者。只有56名医护人员在2小时内开始了治疗方案。134名患者完成了PEP的全程治疗。大多数医护人员（n = 68，31%）在为患者进行操作时发生暴露，其次是重新盖帽针头（n = 64，29%）。胃炎和嗜睡是最常见的不良反应。
本研究受到数据收集的回顾性性质以及缺乏对医护人员详细访谈的限制。应提高医护人员对PEP、针头安全培训和早期急救措施培训的认识。
