Malindisa Evangelista, Dika Haruna, Rehman Andrea M, Olsen Mette Frahm, Francis Filbert, Friis Henrik, Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel, Filteau Suzanne, PrayGod George
Department of Physiology, The Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Front Nutr. 2023 May 17;10:1105254. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1105254. eCollection 2023.
Due to the complexity of human diets, it is difficult to relate single foods to health outcomes. We aimed to identify the dietary patterns and associated factors and to assess the association of dietary patterns with prediabetes/diabetes among adults living with and without HIV in Tanzania.
Diet data were collected by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR). The associations between dietary patterns and associated factors as well as with prediabetes/diabetes were assessed using multinomial logistic regression and presented by marginal plots.
Of 572 recruited, 63% were people living with HIV. The mean (±SD) age was 42.6 (±11.7) years and 60% were females. The PCA identified two major dietary patterns, i.e., vegetable-rich pattern (VRP) and vegetable-poor pattern (VPP) whereas RRR identified one dietary pattern, i.e., carbohydrate-dense pattern (CDP). In comparison to females, males had higher adherence to VPP and CDP, but less to VRP. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher adherence to VRP and VPP but low adherence to CDP. Compared to HIV-negative participants, people living with HIV had higher adherence to VRP but less adherence to CDP. Compared to younger people, older people had lower adherence to VPP. High adherence to CDP or VRP was positively associated with prediabetes. Higher adherence to VRP was associated with a borderline decrease in diabetes. No association was observed between VPP with either prediabetes or diabetes.
Our findings suggest that dietary patterns may impact the risk of prediabetes and diabetes differently. Awareness of the health benefits of VRP should be encouraged in the community, especially for men who seem to consume fewer vegetables. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore the contribution of dietary patterns to prediabetes/diabetes development in sub-Saharan Africa.
由于人类饮食的复杂性，很难将单一食物与健康结果联系起来。我们旨在确定饮食模式及其相关因素，并评估坦桑尼亚感染和未感染艾滋病毒的成年人的饮食模式与糖尿病前期/糖尿病之间的关联。
通过食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集饮食数据，并通过主成分分析（PCA）和降秩回归（RRR）得出饮食模式。使用多项逻辑回归评估饮食模式与相关因素以及与糖尿病前期/糖尿病之间的关联，并通过边际图呈现。
在招募的572人中，63%为艾滋病毒感染者。平均（±标准差）年龄为42.6（±11.7）岁，60%为女性。PCA确定了两种主要饮食模式，即富含蔬菜模式（VRP）和蔬菜匮乏模式（VPP），而RRR确定了一种饮食模式，即碳水化合物密集模式（CDP）。与女性相比，男性对VPP和CDP的依从性更高，但对VRP的依从性较低。较高的社会经济地位与对VRP和VPP的较高依从性相关，但与对CDP的低依从性相关。与艾滋病毒阴性参与者相比，艾滋病毒感染者对VRP的依从性更高，但对CDP的依从性更低。与年轻人相比，老年人对VPP的依从性更低。对CDP或VRP的高依从性与糖尿病前期呈正相关。对VRP的较高依从性与糖尿病的边缘性降低相关。未观察到VPP与糖尿病前期或糖尿病之间存在关联。
我们的研究结果表明，饮食模式可能对糖尿病前期和糖尿病风险产生不同影响。应在社区中鼓励人们认识到VRP对健康的益处，特别是对于那些似乎蔬菜摄入量较少的男性。需要进行纵向研究，以探讨饮食模式对撒哈拉以南非洲糖尿病前期/糖尿病发展的贡献。
