Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2023 Jun 2;23(1):351. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03032-9.
The aim was to investigate the prevalence and clinical and 3-dimensional (3D) radiographic characteristics of supernumerary teeth (ST) in a paediatric dental population. The factors associated with ST eruption potential were analysed, and the optimal extraction time for nonerupted ST was discussed.
A retrospective study was performed in a 13,336-participant baseline population aged 3-12 years for whom panoramic radiographs had been obtained in the hospital from 2019 to 2021. The medical records and radiographic data were reviewed to identify patients with ST. Both the demographic variables and ST characteristics were recorded and analysed .
In total, 890 patients with 1,180 ST were screened from the 13,336 baseline population. The ratio of males (679) to females (211) was approximately 3.2:1. Generally, ST occurred singularly and were frequently found in the maxilla (98.1%). A total of 40.8% of ST were erupted, and the 6-year-old age group presented the highest eruption rate (57.8%). The eruption rate of ST was highly negatively correlated with age. A total of 598 patients additionally underwent cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT). According to the CBCT images, the majority of ST were conical, normally oriented, palatally situated, nonerupted and symptomatic. The most common ST-associated complication was failed eruption of adjacent teeth. In addition, symptomatic ST were more common in the 7- to 8- and 9- to 10-year-old age groups. The eruption rate of ST was 25.3% among the patients who had undergone CBCT. A normal orientation and the labial position were significant protective factors for ST eruption, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.004 (0.000-0.046) and 0.086 (0.007-1.002), respectively. Age and the palatal position were significant risk factors, with ORs of 1.193 (1.065-1.337) and 2.352 (1.377-4.02), respectively.
This study provides a detailed analysis of ST characteristics in 3-12 year old children. Age as well as the position and orientation of ST were reliable predictors of the ST eruption. An age of 6 years old may be the optimal time for extraction of nonerupted ST to maximize the utilization of eruption potential and reduce the incidence of ST-associated complications.
研究儿童牙科人群中额外牙（ST）的流行率和临床及三维（3D）放射影像学特征。分析与 ST 萌出潜能相关的因素，并讨论未萌出 ST 的最佳拔除时间。
对 2019 年至 2021 年在医院拍摄全景片的 13336 名 3-12 岁基线人群进行回顾性研究。查阅病历和影像学资料，以确定 ST 患者。记录并分析患者的人口统计学变量和 ST 特征。
从 13336 名基线人群中筛选出 890 名男性（679 名）和 211 名女性（211 名）患者，共 1180 颗 ST。男性与女性的比例约为 3.2:1。通常，ST 单发，多位于上颌（98.1%）。共有 40.8%的 ST 萌出，6 岁年龄组萌出率最高（57.8%）。ST 的萌出率与年龄呈高度负相关。共有 598 名患者进一步接受了锥形束 CT（CBCT）检查。根据 CBCT 图像，大多数 ST 呈圆锥形，正常方向，位于腭侧，未萌出且有症状。最常见的 ST 相关并发症是邻牙萌出失败。此外，7-8 岁和 9-10 岁年龄组的有症状 ST 更为常见。接受 CBCT 的患者中，ST 的萌出率为 25.3%。正常方向和唇侧位置是 ST 萌出的显著保护因素，优势比（OR）分别为 0.004（0.000-0.046）和 0.086（0.007-1.002）。年龄和腭侧位置是 ST 萌出的显著危险因素，OR 分别为 1.193（1.065-1.337）和 2.352（1.377-4.02）。
本研究对 3-12 岁儿童的 ST 特征进行了详细分析。年龄以及 ST 的位置和方向是 ST 萌出的可靠预测因子。6 岁可能是拔除未萌出 ST 的最佳时机，以最大限度地利用萌出潜能，减少 ST 相关并发症的发生。
