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神经阻滞在降低术后麻醉和镇痛需求方面疗效的综合综述

A Comprehensive Review on the Efficacy of Nerve Blocks in Reducing Postoperative Anesthetic and Analgesic Requirements.

作者信息

Jogie Jason, Jogie Joshua A

机构信息

Anesthesiology, Port of Spain General Hospital, Port of Spain, TTO.

Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, TTO.

出版信息

Cureus. 2023 May 4;15(5):e38552. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38552. eCollection 2023 May.

Abstract

The purpose of this article review is to investigate whether or not nerve blocks are beneficial in minimizing the amount of postoperative anesthetic and analgesic medication required, hence improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. This review investigates several different kinds of nerve blocks, their administration techniques, and the anatomical and physiological aspects that influence nerve block effectiveness. It analyzes the impact of nerve blocks on opioid use, postoperative pain scores, and the incidence of opioid-related adverse effects by compiling the findings of numerous large-scale, randomized, controlled trials. Infection, hematoma, nerve injury, and systemic toxicity are some potential complications of nerve blocks discussed in the article. It concludes with recommendations for optimizing nerve block techniques in clinical practice and identifies areas that require further research, such as the development of new anesthetics and the identification of patient subgroups that would benefit the most from nerve blocks. In addition, it provides recommendations for optimizing nerve block techniques in clinical practice.

摘要

本文综述的目的是研究神经阻滞是否有助于减少术后所需的麻醉和镇痛药物用量,从而改善患者预后并降低医疗成本。本综述研究了几种不同类型的神经阻滞、其给药技术以及影响神经阻滞效果的解剖学和生理学方面。通过汇总众多大规模随机对照试验的结果,分析神经阻滞对阿片类药物使用、术后疼痛评分以及阿片类药物相关不良反应发生率的影响。文章讨论了神经阻滞的一些潜在并发症,如感染、血肿、神经损伤和全身毒性。最后给出了在临床实践中优化神经阻滞技术的建议,并确定了需要进一步研究的领域,如新麻醉剂的开发以及确定最能从神经阻滞中获益的患者亚组。此外,还提供了在临床实践中优化神经阻滞技术的建议。

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