Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 May 18;14:1188277. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188277. eCollection 2023.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and shows high global incidence and mortality rates. The liver is an immune-tolerated organ with a specific immune microenvironment that causes traditional therapeutic approaches to HCC, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, to have limited efficacy. The dramatic advances in immuno-oncology in the past few decades have modified the paradigm of cancer therapy, ushering in the era of immunotherapy. Currently, despite the rapid integration of cancer immunotherapy into clinical practice, some patients still show no response to treatment. Therefore, a rational approach is to target the tumor microenvironment when developing the next generation of immunotherapy. This review aims to provide insights into the hepatic immune microenvironment in HCC and summarize the mechanisms of action and clinical usage of immunotherapeutic options for HCC, including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive therapy, cytokine therapy, vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virus-based therapy.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌，具有较高的全球发病率和死亡率。肝脏是一个免疫耐受的器官，具有特定的免疫微环境，这使得传统的 HCC 治疗方法，如化疗、放疗和分子靶向治疗，疗效有限。在过去几十年中，免疫肿瘤学的巨大进展改变了癌症治疗的模式，迎来了免疫治疗的时代。目前，尽管癌症免疫疗法已迅速融入临床实践，但仍有部分患者对治疗无反应。因此，合理的方法是在开发下一代免疫疗法时靶向肿瘤微环境。本综述旨在深入了解 HCC 的肝脏免疫微环境，并总结 HCC 的免疫治疗选择的作用机制和临床应用，包括免疫检查点阻断、过继性治疗、细胞因子治疗、疫苗治疗和溶瘤病毒治疗。
