Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France.
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Pharmacie, ANSES, SFR Cap Santé, EA7510 ESCAPE-USC VECPAR, Reims, France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Jun 5;17(6):e0011144. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011144. eCollection 2023 Jun.
West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are two arthropod-borne viruses that circulate in mainland France. Assessing vector competence has only been conducted so far with mosquitoes from southern France while an increasingly active circulation of WNV and USUV has been reported in the last years. The main vectors are mosquitoes of the Culex genus and the common mosquito Culex pipiens. Here, we measure the vector competence of five mosquito species (Aedes rusticus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles plumbeus, Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata) present in northeastern France. Field-collected populations were exposed to artificial infectious blood meal containing WNV or USUV and examined at different days post-infection. We show that (i) Cx. pipiens transmitted WNV and USUV, (ii) Ae. rusticus only WNV, and (iii) unexpectedly, Ae. albopictus transmitted both WNV and USUV. Less surprising, An. plumbeus was not competent for both viruses. Combined with data on distribution and population dynamics, these assessments of vector competence will help in developing a risk map and implementing appropriate prevention and control measures.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）和乌苏图病毒（USUV）是两种在法国大陆传播的节肢动物传播病毒。迄今为止，评估媒介能力的研究仅在法国南部的蚊子中进行，而近年来WNV 和 USUV 的传播越来越活跃。主要媒介是库蚊属和常见的库蚊 Culex pipiens。在这里，我们测量了法国东北部存在的五种蚊子（Aedes rusticus、Aedes albopictus、Anopheles plumbeus、Culex pipiens 和 Culiseta longiareolata）的媒介能力。从野外采集的种群暴露于含有 WNV 或 USUV 的人工感染性血液餐中，并在感染后不同天数进行检查。我们表明：（i）Cx. pipiens 传播了 WNV 和 USUV，（ii）Ae. rusticus 仅传播了 WNV，（iii）出人意料的是，Ae. albopictus 同时传播了 WNV 和 USUV。不出所料，An. plumbeus 对这两种病毒都不具备传播能力。结合分布和种群动态数据，这些媒介能力评估将有助于制定风险地图并实施适当的预防和控制措施。
