Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599.
Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 2023 Jun;32(3):151306. doi: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151306. Epub 2023 May 30.
Maternal breast milk is the penultimate nutritional source for term and preterm neonates. Its composition is highly complex and includes multiple factors that enhance the development of nearly every neonatal organ system leading to both short- and long-term health benefits. Intensive research is focused on identifying breast milk components that enhance infant health. However, this research is complicated by the significant impact of maternal factors and the processing of pumped breast milk on bioactive ingredients. Optimizing enteral nutrition is particularly important for preterm neonates who miss the transplacental acquisition of nutrients in the third trimester of pregnancy and are at risk for illnesses associated with gut barrier dysfunction, including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. In this review, we will discuss the health benefits of breast milk and its bioactive components.
母乳是足月和早产儿的准终极营养来源。其成分非常复杂，包含多种可促进几乎所有新生儿器官系统发育的因子，从而带来短期和长期的健康益处。目前，大量研究都集中在鉴定可增强婴儿健康的母乳成分上。然而，由于母体因素和泵出母乳的处理对生物活性成分的显著影响，这一研究变得复杂。优化肠内营养对早产儿尤为重要，因为他们错过了妊娠晚期通过胎盘获得的营养物质，并且存在与肠道屏障功能障碍相关的疾病风险，包括败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论母乳及其生物活性成分的健康益处。
