Ackerman E, Rosevear J W
Med Prog Technol. 1979 Jan 30;6(2):81-90.
Nephelometry, the measurement of scattered light, determines the size, shape, and concentration of the scattering particles (at least in theory). For the applications of nephelometry in immunoassays, the scatterers are the antigen-antibody complexes formed. The rationale for using nephelometry includes the advantages of greater simplicity and improved precision as compared to other assay methods. There are, however, other factors which limit the immunological assays in which nephelometry is employed, most notably its sensitivity to noise due to dust and occasional large aggregates of antigen-antibody complexes. Nephelometers commercially available for immunoassays use a variety of light sources; most measure the scattered light at a single angle, and several incorporate microcomputers. A review of the theory of light scattering by small spheres is introduced to indicate fashions in which future developments may make nephelometry the method of choice for an even wider range of immunoassays.
比浊法通过测量散射光来确定散射颗粒的大小、形状和浓度（至少在理论上如此）。在免疫分析中应用比浊法时，散射体是形成的抗原 - 抗体复合物。使用比浊法的基本原理包括与其他检测方法相比，具有更高的简单性和更好的精密度等优点。然而，还有其他因素限制了比浊法在免疫分析中的应用，最显著的是其对灰尘以及偶尔出现的大量抗原 - 抗体复合物聚集体产生的噪声较为敏感。市售用于免疫分析的比浊仪使用多种光源；大多数在单一角度测量散射光，还有几款配备了微型计算机。本文引入了对小球体光散射理论的综述，以指出未来发展可能使比浊法成为更广泛的免疫分析首选方法的方式。
