Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
Statsconsultancy Ltd. Freelance Statistical Consultancy, Amersham, Bucks, UK.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2023 Jul;46(7):943-952. doi: 10.1007/s00270-023-03458-2. Epub 2023 Jun 6.
We utilized an anthropomorphic model made with a human skull to determine how different personal protective equipment influence operator intracranial radiation absorbed dose.
A custom anthropomorphic phantom made with a human skull coated with polyurethane rubber, mimicking superficial tissues, and was mounted onto a plastic thorax. To simulate scatter, an acrylic plastic scatter phantom was placed onto the fluoroscopic table with a 1.5 mm lead apron on top. Two Radcal radiation detectors were utilized; one inside of the skull and a second outside. Fluoroscopic exposures were performed with and without radiation protective equipment in AP, 45-degree RAO, and 45-degree LAO projections.
The skull and soft tissues reduce intracranial radiation by 76% when compared to radiation outside the skull. LAO (308.95 μSv/min) and RAO projections (96.47μSv/min) result in significantly higher radiation exposure to the primary operator when compared to an AP projection (54 μSv/min). All tested radiation protection equipment demonstrated various reduction in intracranial radiation when compared to no protection. The hood (68% reduction in AP, 91% LAO, and 43% in RAO), full cover (53% reduction in AP, 76% in LAO, and 54% in RAO), and open top with ear coverage (43% reduction in AP, 77% reduction in LAO, and 22% in RAO) demonstrated the most reduction in intracranial radiation when compared to the control.
All tested equipment provided various degrees of additional intracranial protection. The skull and soft tissues attenuate a portion of intracranial radiation.
我们利用一个用人颅骨制作的拟人模型来确定不同个人防护设备如何影响操作人员颅内吸收剂量。
一个用人颅骨制作的定制拟人模型，颅骨表面涂有聚氨酯橡胶，模拟表层组织，并安装在塑料胸腔上。为了模拟散射，在透视台上放置一个丙烯酸塑料散射体模型，并在其顶部放置一个 1.5 毫米的铅围裙。使用两个 Radcal 辐射探测器；一个在颅骨内，另一个在颅骨外。在 AP、45 度 RAO 和 45 度 LAO 投影下进行透视曝光，有无辐射防护设备。
颅骨和软组织使颅内辐射减少 76%，而颅骨外的辐射则减少 76%。LAO（308.95 μSv/min）和 RAO 投影（96.47μSv/min）使主要操作人员的辐射暴露明显高于 AP 投影（54 μSv/min）。与无保护相比，所有测试的辐射防护设备均显示颅内辐射有不同程度的降低。头罩（AP 减少 68%，LAO 减少 91%，RAO 减少 43%）、全罩（AP 减少 53%，LAO 减少 76%，RAO 减少 54%）和带耳罩的开放式顶部（AP 减少 43%，LAO 减少 77%，RAO 减少 22%）与对照组相比，颅内辐射减少幅度最大。
所有测试的设备都提供了不同程度的额外颅内保护。颅骨和软组织会衰减一部分颅内辐射。
