Microbiology Department/Shar Teaching Hospital, Sulaimania Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.
Microbiology Department/College of Medicine/University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.
PeerJ. 2023 Jun 2;11:e15429. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15429. eCollection 2023.
Integrons are bacterial mobile genetic components responsible for mediating the antibiotic resistance process by carrying and spreading antimicrobial resistance genes among bacteria through horizontal gene transfer.
This cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed to find the prevalence of antibiotic resistance patterns and to detect integrons classes (I, II, and III) among bacterial isolates in patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in Sulaimani, Iraq.
Mid-stream urine samples (no. = 400) were collected from patients with UTI at three different Hospitals from Sulaimani, Iraq, between September 2021 to January 2022. Urine samples were cultured on various agar media, and grown bacteria were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) screen were done for isolated bacteria. Then, integrons classes were screened using conventional PCR with gene sequencing and uploaded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
The frequency rate of was 67.03% among positive urine cultures. (no. = 86) and (no. = 32) isolates were identified. The most sensitive antibiotics were the carbapenem group (85.3%) and nitrofurantoin (NFN) (64.2%), while the most resistant antibiotics were nalidixic acid (NA) and 3 generation cephalosporin. The occurrence rate of ESBL was 56.6% with a predominance of class I integron (54.2%), then class II (15.8%) and no positive record for class III integron were observed.
Most bacterial isolates from patients with UTI produced class I and II integrons genes with favourable ESBL properties.
整合子是细菌的移动遗传元件，通过水平基因转移在细菌中携带和传播抗菌药物耐药基因，从而介导抗生素耐药过程。
本横断面医院研究旨在调查伊拉克苏莱曼尼亚尿路感染（UTI）患者分离菌中抗生素耐药模式的流行情况，并检测整合子I、II 和 III 类。
2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 1 月期间，在伊拉克苏莱曼尼亚的三家医院，采集了 400 例 UTI 患者的中段尿样。将尿液样本接种于各种琼脂培养基，分离培养出的细菌。对分离出的细菌进行抗生素敏感性试验（AST）和超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）筛查。然后，采用基因测序的常规 PCR 筛选整合子 I、II 和 III 类。
阳性尿液培养物中， （no. = 86）和 （no. = 32）的分离率分别为 67.03%和 52.6%。分离出的细菌对碳青霉烯类（85.3%）和呋喃妥因（NFN）（64.2%）最敏感，而对萘啶酸（NA）和 3 代头孢菌素最耐药。ESBL 的发生率为 56.6%，以 I 类整合子（54.2%）为主，其次是 II 类（15.8%），未观察到 III 类整合子阳性记录。
大多数来自 UTI 患者的细菌分离株产生了具有有利 ESBL 特性的 I 类和 II 类整合子基因。
