Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
Biol Psychol. 2023 Jul;181:108599. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108599. Epub 2023 Jun 5.
Adaptive physiological responses to stress have been suggested as a potential mechanism facilitating the association between extraversion and positive health outcomes. The present study examined the influence of extraversion on physiological reactivity and habituation to a standardized psychological stress task presented as two separate laboratory sessions approximately 48 days apart.
The present study utilized data from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3. Participants in the study (N = 213, mean age = 30.13, SD = 10.85 years; female = 42.3 %) completed a standardized stress testing protocol twice, at two separate laboratory sessions. The stress protocol consisted of a speech preparation period (5-minutes), a public specking task (5-minutes), and a mental arithmetic task with observation (5-minutes). Trait extraversion was assessed using 10-items from the international personality item pool (IPIP). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and salivary cortisol (SC) were assessed throughout a baseline phase and the stress task phase.
Extraversion was statistically significantly associated with larger DBP and HR reactivity in response to the initial stress exposure, as well as greater habituation of DBP, MAP and HR on repeated stress exposure. No statistically significant associations emerged between extraversion and SBP responses, SC responses or self-reported state affective responses.
Extraversion is associated with greater cardiovascular reactivity, as well as pronounced cardiovascular habituation to acute social stress. These findings may indicate an adaptive response pattern amongst highly extraverted individuals and a potential mechanism leading to positive health outcomes.
外向性格被认为是一种潜在的适应生理反应机制，它可能促进外向性格与积极健康结果之间的关联。本研究旨在探讨外向性格对生理反应性和对标准化心理应激任务的习惯化的影响，该任务在大约 48 天的两个单独实验室会议中呈现。
本研究利用了匹兹堡冷应激研究 3 的数据。研究中的参与者（N=213，平均年龄=30.13 岁，标准差=10.85 岁；女性=42.3%）在两个单独的实验室会议中完成了两次标准化的应激测试方案。应激方案包括演讲准备期（5 分钟）、公开演讲任务（5 分钟）和带有观察的心理算术任务（5 分钟）。特质外向性使用国际人格项目池（IPIP）的 10 项进行评估。在基线阶段和应激任务阶段评估收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）和唾液皮质醇（SC）。
外向性格与初始应激暴露时 DBP 和 HR 反应性的统计学显著相关，以及在重复应激暴露时 DBP、MAP 和 HR 的更大习惯化相关。外向性格与 SBP 反应、SC 反应或自我报告的状态情感反应之间没有统计学显著的关联。
外向性格与更大的心血管反应性相关，以及对急性社会应激的明显心血管习惯化。这些发现可能表明高度外向性格个体的适应性反应模式，以及导致积极健康结果的潜在机制。
