Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 Sep;131:144-151. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.008. Epub 2017 Oct 28.
The present study sought to establish whether the effects of extraversion on cardiovascular responses to recurrent social stress are contingent on stress intensity. A 2×5×1 mixed-factorial experiment was conducted, with social stress intensity as a between-subject variable, study phase as a within-subject variable, extraversion as a continuous independent variable, and cardiovascular parameter (HR, SBP, DBP, or RSA) as a dependent variable. Extraversion (NEO-FFI), subjective stress, and physiological stress were measured in 166 undergraduate students randomly assigned to undergo moderate (n=82) or high-intensity (n=84) social stress (a public speaking task with different levels of social evaluation). All participants underwent continuous physiological monitoring while facing two consecutive stress exposures distributed across five laboratory phases: baseline, stress exposure 1, post-stress 1, stress exposure 2, post-stress 2. Results indicated that under moderate-intensity social stress, participants higher on extraversion exhibited lesser HR reactivity to stress than participants lower on extraversion, while under high-intensity social stress, they exhibited greater HR, SBP, DBP and RSA reactivity. Under both moderate- and high-intensity social stress, participants higher on extraversion exhibited pronounced SBP and DBP response adaptation to repeated stress, and showed either better degree of HR recovery or greater amount of SBP and DBP recovery after stress. These findings suggest that individuals higher on extraversion exhibit physiological flexibility to cope with social challenges and benefit from adaptive cardiovascular responses.
本研究旨在探讨外向性对反复社会应激心血管反应的影响是否取决于应激强度。采用 2×5×1 混合因素实验设计，以社会应激强度为被试间变量，研究阶段为被试内变量，外向性为连续自变量，心血管参数（HR、SBP、DBP 或 RSA）为因变量。在 166 名随机分配接受中等强度（n=82）或高强度（n=84）社会应激（具有不同社会评价水平的公开演讲任务）的本科生中，测量了外向性（NEO-FFI）、主观压力和生理压力。所有参与者在连续生理监测下，面对两个连续的应激暴露，分布在五个实验室阶段：基线、应激暴露 1、应激后 1、应激暴露 2、应激后 2。结果表明，在中等强度的社会应激下，外向性得分较高的参与者的 HR 对压力的反应性低于外向性得分较低的参与者，而在高强度的社会应激下，他们的 HR、SBP、DBP 和 RSA 反应性更大。在中等强度和高强度的社会应激下，外向性得分较高的参与者的 SBP 和 DBP 对重复应激的反应适应性更强，且在应激后 HR 恢复程度或 SBP 和 DBP 恢复量更好。这些发现表明，外向性得分较高的个体表现出对社会挑战的生理灵活性，并受益于适应性心血管反应。
