Wüthrich Héloïse, Yatim Ahmad, Di Lucca Julie, Walker Anna, Ventejou Sarah, Morren Marie-Anne, Goossens An, Dendooven Ella, Aerts Olivier, Gilliet Michel, Seremet Teofila
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Contact Dermatitis. 2023 Oct;89(4):284-289. doi: 10.1111/cod.14359. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
A popular antiseptic spray in Switzerland (Merfen spray), containing chlorhexidine digluconate, benzoxonium chloride and lauramine oxide, is frequently used to treat skin wounds. However, it is also increasingly reported as a major cause of adverse skin reactions, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
To investigate the contact allergens responsible for ACD from this antiseptic.
PATIENTS/METHODS: Patch tests were performed on seven patients with a clinical history compatible with contact dermatitis from this antiseptic mixture.
All patients presented with acute eczematous reactions following contact with either Merfen spray alone, or with multiple products including this spray. Patients showed positive reactions to this product in both patch tests and repeated open application tests (ROATs). Four patients showed dose-dependent reactions to both benzoxonium chloride and lauramine oxide. One patient showed a dose-dependent reaction to the former and a non-dose-dependent reaction to the latter. Finally, two subjects showed responses only to lauramine oxide. One patient reacted to chlorhexidine digluconate 0.5% aq. in addition to both other allergens.
Two commercially unavailable allergens, that is, benzoxonium chloride and/or lauramine oxide were identified as major causes of ACD from Merfen antiseptic spray, whereas chlorhexidine digluconate was a contributing culprit in only one patient.
瑞士一种流行的抗菌喷雾（Merfen喷雾），含有葡萄糖酸洗必泰、苯扎氯铵和月桂胺氧化物，常用于治疗皮肤伤口。然而，它也越来越多地被报道为皮肤不良反应的主要原因，包括过敏性接触性皮炎（ACD）。
调查这种抗菌剂引起ACD的接触性过敏原。
患者/方法：对7例有与这种抗菌混合物接触性皮炎临床病史的患者进行斑贴试验。
所有患者在单独接触Merfen喷雾或接触包括该喷雾在内的多种产品后均出现急性湿疹反应。患者在斑贴试验和重复开放应用试验（ROATs）中对该产品均呈阳性反应。4例患者对苯扎氯铵和月桂胺氧化物均呈剂量依赖性反应。1例患者对前者呈剂量依赖性反应，对后者呈非剂量依赖性反应。最后，2例受试者仅对月桂胺氧化物有反应。1例患者除对其他两种过敏原过敏外，还对0.5%水溶液葡萄糖酸洗必泰有反应。
两种市售不到的过敏原，即苯扎氯铵和/或月桂胺氧化物被确定为Merfen抗菌喷雾引起ACD的主要原因，而葡萄糖酸洗必泰仅在1例患者中是促成因素。
