School of Nrising, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1106 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
Mental Health Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jun 7;23(1):410. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04810-z.
Depression and anxiety are common symptoms associated with significant morbidity in adolescents. Few studies have explored the relationship between latent profiles of adolescent depression-anxiety symptoms and executive function (EF), which is also a major pediatric public health concern.
The sample included 1,306 participants who were recruited from two schools in Ningxia. The Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) were used to assess the level of depression-anxiety symptoms in adolescents, and their executive function state was assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Self-Report version (BRIEF-SR). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was carried out using Mplus 7.0 to explore the most likely number of profiles based on the subscales of DSRSC and SCARED. The relationship between adolescents' executive function and depression-anxiety symptoms were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression, and the odds ratio were used to test the impact of this relationship.
The LPA results show that the three-profile model was the best-fitting model for adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. The proportions of Profile-1 ("Healthy Group"), Profile-2 ("Anxiety Disorder Group"), and Profile-3 ("Depression-Anxiety Disorder Group") were 61.4%, 23.9%, and 14.7%, respectively. Additional analyses using multivariable logistic regression suggested that poor shifting capacity and emotional control were significantly more likely to be classified into the depression and/or anxiety groups, and worse working memory, task completion, and better inhibition were significantly more likely to be classified into the anxiety group.
The findings contribute to our understanding of the heterogeneity of adolescents' depression-anxiety symptoms and highlight the important role of executive function in influencing mental health outcomes. These findings will guide the improvement and delivery of interventions for the treatment of anxiety and depression in adolescents, mitigating functional impairments in patients and reducing disease risk.
抑郁和焦虑是青少年常见的与高发病率相关的症状。很少有研究探讨青少年抑郁-焦虑症状的潜在特征与执行功能（EF）之间的关系，而执行功能也是儿童健康的一个主要公共卫生关注点。
本研究样本包括来自宁夏两所学校的 1306 名参与者。采用儿童抑郁自评量表（DSRSC）和儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍筛查量表（SCARED）评估青少年的抑郁-焦虑症状水平，采用行为评定量表的执行功能自评版（BRIEF-SR）评估其执行功能状态。采用 Mplus 7.0 进行潜在剖面分析（LPA），根据 DSRSC 和 SCARED 的子量表确定最有可能的剖面数量。采用多变量逻辑回归分析青少年执行功能与抑郁-焦虑症状之间的关系，使用比值比检验这种关系的影响。
LPA 结果表明，三剖面模型是青少年抑郁和焦虑症状的最佳拟合模型。Profile-1（“健康组”）、Profile-2（“焦虑障碍组”）和 Profile-3（“抑郁-焦虑障碍组”）的比例分别为 61.4%、23.9%和 14.7%。多变量逻辑回归分析的附加分析表明，较差的转换能力和情绪控制能力更有可能被归类为抑郁和/或焦虑组，而较差的工作记忆、任务完成能力和较好的抑制能力更有可能被归类为焦虑组。
这些发现有助于我们了解青少年抑郁-焦虑症状的异质性，并强调执行功能在影响心理健康结果方面的重要作用。这些发现将指导针对青少年焦虑和抑郁的治疗干预措施的改进和实施，减轻患者的功能障碍并降低疾病风险。
