Sun Si, Chen Xinzhu, Chen Jing, Wang Junying, Zhang Xiao-Dong
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Biophys Rep. 2021 Feb 28;7(1):8-20. doi: 10.52601/bpr.2021.200044.
Bioorthogonal reactions have attained great interest and achievements in various fields since its first appearance in 2003. Compared to traditional chemical reactions, bioorthogonal chemical reactions mediated by transition metals catalysts can occur under physiological conditions in the living system without interfering with or damaging other biochemical events happening simultaneously. The idea of using nanomachines to perform precise and specific tasks in living systems is regarded as the frontier in nanomedicine. Bioorthogonal chemical reactions and nanozymes have provided new potential and strategies for nanomachines used in biomedical fields such as drug release, imaging, and bioengineering. Nanomachines, also called as intelligence nanorobots, based on nanozymes with bioorthogonal reactions show better biocompatibility and water solubility in living systems and perform controlled and adjustable stimuli-triggered response regarding to different physiological environments. In this review, we review the definition and development of bioorthogonal chemical reactions and describe the basic principle of bioorthogonal nanozymes fabrication. We also review several controlled and adjustable stimuli-triggered intelligence nanorobots and their potential in therapeutic and engineered applications. Furthermore, we summarize the challenges in the use of intelligence nanorobots based on nanozymes with bioorthogonal chemical reactions and propose promising vision in smart nanodevices along this appealing avenue of research.
自2003年首次出现以来，生物正交反应在各个领域都引起了极大的关注并取得了诸多成就。与传统化学反应相比，由过渡金属催化剂介导的生物正交化学反应能够在生物系统的生理条件下发生，而不会干扰或损害同时发生的其他生化事件。利用纳米机器在生物系统中执行精确且特定任务的想法被视为纳米医学的前沿领域。生物正交化学反应和纳米酶为用于药物释放、成像和生物工程等生物医学领域的纳米机器提供了新的潜力和策略。基于具有生物正交反应的纳米酶的纳米机器，也被称为智能纳米机器人，在生物系统中表现出更好的生物相容性和水溶性，并能针对不同的生理环境进行可控且可调节的刺激触发响应。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了生物正交化学反应的定义和发展，并描述了生物正交纳米酶制备的基本原理。我们还回顾了几种可控且可调节的刺激触发智能纳米机器人及其在治疗和工程应用中的潜力。此外，我们总结了基于具有生物正交化学反应的纳米酶的智能纳米机器人在使用过程中面临的挑战，并沿着这一引人入胜的研究途径提出了智能纳米器件的前景展望。
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