Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Science. 2020 Feb 7;367(6478). doi: 10.1126/science.aau6977.
The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 的研究有可能识别细胞间通讯以及器官稳态和疾病中的未知细胞和分子机制。外泌体是 EVs 的一个子集,平均直径约为 100 纳米。外泌体的生物发生涉及它们在内体起源,随后与其他细胞内囊泡和细胞器相互作用产生外泌体的最终内容。它们的不同成分包括核酸、蛋白质、脂质、氨基酸和代谢物,这些物质可以反映它们的起源细胞。在各种疾病中,外泌体提供了一个了解细胞或组织状态改变的窗口,它们在生物流体中的检测可能提供了一种多成分的诊断读数。通过外泌体进行的细胞成分的有效交换可以为设计基于外泌体的治疗方法提供信息。