Pellot-Cestero Joel E, Herring Eric Z, Graczyk Emily L, Memberg William D, Kirsch Robert F, Ajiboye A Bolu, Miller Jonathan P
Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland , Ohio , USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland , Ohio , USA.
Neurosurgery. 2023 Nov 1;93(5):965-970. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002561. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) to activate nerves and muscles in paralyzed extremities has considerable promise to improve outcome after neurological disease or injury, especially in individuals who have upper motor nerve dysfunction due to central nervous system pathology. Because technology has improved, a wide variety of methods for providing electrical stimulation to create functional movements have been developed, including muscle stimulating electrodes, nerve stimulating electrodes, and hybrid constructs. However, in spite of decades of success in experimental settings with clear functional improvements for individuals with paralysis, the technology has not yet reached widespread clinical translation. In this review, we outline the history of FES techniques and approaches and describe future directions in evolution of the technology.
功能性电刺激（FES）用于激活瘫痪肢体的神经和肌肉，在改善神经疾病或损伤后的预后方面具有巨大潜力，特别是对于因中枢神经系统病变而患有上运动神经功能障碍的个体。随着技术的进步，已经开发出了多种提供电刺激以产生功能性运动的方法，包括肌肉刺激电极、神经刺激电极和混合结构。然而，尽管在实验环境中已取得了数十年的成功，瘫痪个体的功能有明显改善，但该技术尚未广泛应用于临床。在这篇综述中，我们概述了FES技术和方法的历史，并描述了该技术未来的发展方向。
