Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2023 Jun;64:102344. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102344. Epub 2023 May 24.
Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experience adverse reactions, which lead to poor nutritional status. The objective of this study was to explore the dietary practice of Chinese breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and to analyse the influence of nutrition literacy, self-care self-efficacy and perceived social support on dietary practice.
A total of 295 participants from three hospitals in China were enrolled. The Dietary Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire; Nutrition Literacy Measurement Scale for Chinese Adults; Strategies Used by People to Promote Health and Perceived Social Support Scale were administered. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify influencing factors.
The dietary practice of patients were generally satisfactory. Nutrition literacy (r = 0.460, p < 0.001), self-care self-efficacy (r = 0.513, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (r = 0.703, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with dietary practice. The main factors influencing participants' dietary practice were nutrition literacy, self-care self-efficacy, perceived social support, living environment, cancer stage, body mass index, chemotherapy cycle and average monthly household income (all p < 0.05). The model explained 59.0% of the variance in dietary practice.
Health professionals should emphasize breast cancer patients' dietary practice throughout the entire chemotherapy course, and dietary interventions should be designed by oncology nurses based on patients' nutrition literacy, self-care self-efficacy and perceived social support. Female patients who have a higher body mass index and income, live in rural areas, have a lower education level, have stage I cancer and have undergone numerous chemotherapy cycles are the focus population of intervention.
接受化疗的乳腺癌患者会出现不良反应，导致营养状况不佳。本研究旨在探讨中国接受化疗的乳腺癌患者的饮食实践，并分析营养素养、自我护理自我效能感和感知社会支持对饮食实践的影响。
共纳入来自中国三家医院的 295 名参与者。采用膳食营养知识、态度和实践问卷、中国成人营养素养测量量表、促进健康策略使用量表和感知社会支持量表进行评估。采用多元线性回归分析确定影响因素。
患者的饮食实践总体上较为满意。营养素养（r=0.460，p<0.001）、自我护理自我效能感（r=0.513，p<0.001）和感知社会支持（r=0.703，p<0.001）与饮食实践呈正相关。影响参与者饮食实践的主要因素包括营养素养、自我护理自我效能感、感知社会支持、生活环境、癌症分期、体重指数、化疗周期和月平均家庭收入（均 p<0.05）。该模型解释了饮食实践 59.0%的变异性。
卫生专业人员应在整个化疗过程中强调乳腺癌患者的饮食实践，并且应由肿瘤护士根据患者的营养素养、自我护理自我效能感和感知社会支持来设计饮食干预措施。体重指数和收入较高、居住在农村地区、受教育程度较低、患有 I 期癌症和经历过多次化疗周期的女性患者是干预的重点人群。
