Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
Environ Res. 2023 Sep 1;232:116344. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116344. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
The present study aimed to determine the pollution levels derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, plant and soil samples and to reveal the PAH exchange at the soil-air, soil-plant and plant-air interfaces. In this context, air and soil samples were collected in approximately 10-day periods between June 2021 and February 2022 from a semi-urban area in Bursa, an industrial city with a dense population. Also, plant branch samples were collected for the last three months. Total PAH concentrations in the atmosphere (∑PAH) and soil (∑PAH) ranged from 4.03 to 64.6 ng/m and 13-189.4 ng/g DM, respectively. PAH levels in the tree branches varied between 256.6 and 419.75 ng/g DM. In all air and soil samples, PAH levels were low in the summer and reached higher values in the winter. 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds, and their distribution in air and soil samples varied between 28.9%-71.9% and 22.8%-57.7%, respectively. According to the results of diagnostic ratios (DRs) and principal component analysis (PCA), both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources were found to be effective in PAH pollution in the sampling region. The fugacity fraction (ff) ratio and net flux (F) values indicated that the direction of movement of PAHs was from soil to air. In order to better understand the PAH movement in the environment, soil-plant exchange calculations were also achieved. The ratio of ∑PAH values measured to modeled concentrations (1.19<ratio<1.52) revealed that the model worked well for the sampling region and produced reasonable results. The ff and F levels showed that branches were saturated with PAHs and the direction of PAH movement was from plant to soil. The plant-air exchange results indicated that the direction of movement of PAHs was from plant to air for low molecular weight PAHs and the opposite was true for compounds with high molecular weight ones.
本研究旨在测定空气、植物和土壤样品中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染水平，并揭示土壤-空气、土壤-植物和植物-空气界面处 PAH 的交换情况。为此，在 2021 年 6 月至 2022 年 2 月期间，大约每 10 天从布尔萨（Bursa）的一个半城市地区，一个人口稠密的工业城市收集空气和土壤样本。同时，也在最后三个月收集了植物枝条样本。大气（∑PAH）和土壤（∑PAH）中的总多环芳烃浓度分别在 4.03 至 64.6ng/m 和 13-189.4ng/g DM 之间。树木枝条中的 PAH 水平在 256.6 至 419.75ng/g DM 之间变化。在所有空气和土壤样本中，PAH 水平在夏季较低，在冬季达到较高值。3 环 PAHs 是主要化合物，其在空气和土壤样本中的分布分别在 28.9%-71.9%和 22.8%-57.7%之间变化。根据诊断比值（DR）和主成分分析（PCA）的结果，发现热解和生源源均对采样区域的 PAH 污染有效。逸度分数（ff）比和净通量（F）值表明，PAHs 的运动方向是从土壤到空气。为了更好地了解 PAH 在环境中的运动，还进行了土壤-植物交换计算。测量值与模拟浓度的∑PAH 值比（1.19<比值<1.52）表明，该模型对采样区域有效，并产生了合理的结果。ff 和 F 水平表明，枝条已经饱和了 PAHs，PAH 的运动方向是从植物到土壤。植物-空气交换结果表明，低分子量 PAHs 的运动方向是从植物到空气，而高分子量化合物则相反。
