Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121, Florence, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Oct;31(49):59155-59165. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35134-4. Epub 2024 Sep 28.
In the field of conservation of cultural heritage, one must always consider the environmental conditions in which the works of art are located and the level of atmospheric pollution to which they are exposed, especially in the case of monuments stored outdoors. The present study is focused on the detection and the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in black crust samples from the Monumental Cemetery of Milan (Italy), and the assessment of their sources through the analysis of the distributions of the different compounds in the samples, together with the use of diagnostic ratios. Six black crust samples taken from funerary monuments were analyzed. Fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), with a total concentration from 0.72 to 3.81 μg/g (mean of 1.87 μg/g). The known carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene accounted for 5-10% of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the samples analyzed, with concentrations up to 0.20 μg/g. Moreover, the study of the distribution and diagnostic ratios allowed us to confirm that anthropogenic sources such as traffic and the proximity of the train station are the major causes of the degradation of the monuments contained in this Cemetery.
在文化遗产保护领域，人们必须始终考虑艺术品所处的环境条件和它们所暴露的大气污染程度，尤其是在户外储存的纪念碑的情况下。本研究专注于检测和量化米兰（意大利）纪念公墓中黑色外壳样本中的多环芳烃（PAHs），并通过分析样品中不同化合物的分布以及使用诊断比来评估它们的来源。从 6 个墓碑上采集了 6 个黑色外壳样本进行分析。鉴定出 14 种多环芳烃（萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、䓛、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘），采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-DAD）进行分析，浓度范围为 0.72 至 3.81μg/g（平均值为 1.87μg/g）。已知致癌物质苯并[a]芘占分析样本中总多环芳烃的 5-10%，浓度高达 0.20μg/g。此外，分布和诊断比的研究证实，交通和火车站的临近等人为来源是导致该公墓内纪念碑退化的主要原因。
