Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund,Sweden.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023 Jun 8;18(8):840-851. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0412. Print 2023 Aug 1.
To determine whether competitive performance, as defined by International Biathlon Union (IBU) and International Ski Federation (FIS) points in biathlon and cross-country (XC) skiing, respectively, can be projected using a combination of anthropometric and physiological metrics. Shooting accuracy was also included in the biathlon models.
Data were analyzed using multivariate methods from 45 (23 female and 22 male) biathletes and 202 (86 female and 116 male) XC skiers who were all members of senior national teams, national development teams, or ski-university or high school invite-only programs (age range: 16-36 y). Anthropometric and physiological characteristics were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and incremental roller-ski treadmill tests, respectively. Shooting accuracy was assessed via an outdoor standardized testing protocol.
Valid projective models were identified for female biathletes' IBU points (R2 = .80/Q2 = .65) and female XC skiers' FIS distance (R2 = .81/Q2 = .74) and sprint (R2 = .81/Q2 = .70) points. No valid models were identified for the men. The most important variables for the projection of IBU points were shooting accuracy, speeds at blood lactate concentrations of 4 and 2 mmol·L-1, peak aerobic power, and lean mass. The most important variables for the projection of FIS distance and sprint points were speeds at blood lactate concentrations of 4 and 2 mmol·L-1 and peak aerobic power.
This study highlights the relative importance of specific anthropometric, physiological, and shooting-accuracy metrics in female biathletes and XC skiers. The data can help to identify the specific metrics that should be targeted when monitoring athletes' progression and designing training plans.
确定国际冬季两项联盟（IBU）和国际滑雪联合会（FIS）分别定义的冬季两项和越野滑雪（XC）的竞技表现（分别以国际冬季两项联盟和国际滑雪联合会的积分来衡量），是否可以通过结合人体测量学和生理学指标来预测。在冬季两项模型中还包括了射击准确性。
本研究分析了来自 45 名（23 名女性和 22 名男性）冬季两项运动员和 202 名（86 名女性和 116 名男性）XC 滑雪运动员的多变量方法的数据，这些运动员均为高级国家队、国家发展队或滑雪大学或高中邀请制计划的成员（年龄范围：16-36 岁）。人体测量学和生理学特征分别通过双能 X 射线吸收法和递增式滚轴滑雪跑步机测试进行评估。射击准确性通过户外标准化测试方案进行评估。
确定了女性冬季两项运动员的 IBU 积分（R2=.80/Q2=.65）和女性 XC 滑雪运动员的 FIS 距离（R2=.81/Q2=.74）和冲刺（R2=.81/Q2=.70）积分的有效预测模型。男性则没有有效的模型。预测 IBU 积分的最重要变量是射击准确性、血乳酸浓度为 4 和 2mmol·L-1 时的速度、峰值有氧能力和瘦体重。预测 FIS 距离和冲刺积分的最重要变量是血乳酸浓度为 4 和 2mmol·L-1 时的速度和峰值有氧能力。
本研究强调了特定人体测量学、生理学和射击准确性指标在女性冬季两项和 XC 滑雪运动员中的相对重要性。这些数据有助于确定监测运动员进展和设计训练计划时应针对的具体指标。
