Luchsinger Harri, Talsnes Rune Kjøsen, Kocbach Jan, Sandbakk Øyvind
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Front Sports Act Living. 2019 Nov 12;1:60. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00060. eCollection 2019.
Biathlon is an Olympic winter-sport where cross-country (XC) skiing in the skating technique is combined with rifle shooting. In the biathlon sprint competition for men, three laps of 3.3-km are interspersed with a 5-shot shooting sequence in the prone and standing position. Our purpose was to investigate the contribution from overall XC skiing performance, the performance in different terrain sections and shooting performance to the overall biathlon sprint race performance, as well as the relationship to laboratory-measured capacities obtained during treadmill roller ski skating. Eleven elite male biathletes were tracked by a Global Positioning System (GPS) device and a heart rate (HR) monitor during an international 10-km biathlon sprint competition. Within a period of 6 weeks prior to the competition, physiological responses, and performance during submaximal and maximal treadmill roller skiing were measured. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that XC skiing time, shooting performance, shooting time and range time explained 84, 14, 1.8, and 0.2% of the overall sprint race performance (all < 0.01). Time in uphill, varied, and downhill terrains were all significantly correlated to the total XC skiing time ( = 0.95, 0.82, 0.72, respectively, all < 0.05). Percent of maximal HR (HRmax) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during submaximal roller skiing, and time-to-exhaustion during incremental roller skiing correlated significantly with overall biathlon sprint race performance and overall XC skiing time ( = 0.64-0.95, all < 0.05). In conclusion, XC skiing performance provided greatest impact on biathlon sprint performance, with most of the variance determined by XC skiing performance in the uphill terrain sections. Furthermore, the ability to roller ski with a low RPE and %HRmax during submaximal speeds, as well as time-to-exhaustion during incremental roller skiing significantly predicted biathlon performance. Such laboratory-derived measures may therefore be validly used to distinguish biathletes of different performance levels and to track progress of their XC skiing capacity.
冬季两项是一项奥运会冬季运动项目，它将越野滑雪的滑行技术与步枪射击相结合。在男子冬季两项短距离比赛中，三圈3.3公里的越野滑雪赛程中穿插着一次卧姿和站姿的5发射击环节。我们的目的是研究整体越野滑雪表现、不同地形路段的表现以及射击表现对冬季两项短距离比赛总成绩的贡献，以及与在跑步机模拟滚轮滑雪时实验室测量的能力之间的关系。在一场国际10公里冬季两项短距离比赛中，11名精英男子冬季两项运动员被全球定位系统（GPS）设备和心率（HR）监测器跟踪。在比赛前的6周内，测量了次最大强度和最大强度跑步机模拟滚轮滑雪时的生理反应和表现。逐步多元回归分析显示，越野滑雪时间、射击表现、射击时间和靶场时间分别解释了总成绩的84%、14%、1.8%和0.2%（均P<0.01）。上坡、不同地形和下坡路段的时间均与越野滑雪总时间显著相关（分别为r = 0.95、0.82、0.72，均P<0.05）。次最大强度滚轮滑雪时的最大心率百分比（HRmax）和主观用力程度评级（RPE），以及递增式滚轮滑雪时的力竭时间与冬季两项短距离比赛总成绩和越野滑雪总时间显著相关（r = 0.64 - 0.95，均P<0.05）。总之，越野滑雪表现对冬季两项短距离比赛成绩影响最大，大部分差异由上坡地形路段的越野滑雪表现决定。此外，在次最大速度下以低RPE和HRmax百分比进行滚轮滑雪的能力，以及递增式滚轮滑雪时的力竭时间显著预测了冬季两项比赛成绩。因此，这种源自实验室的测量方法可有效地用于区分不同表现水平的冬季两项运动员，并跟踪他们越野滑雪能力的进展。
