Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Cell Death Differ. 2023 Jul;30(7):1799-1810. doi: 10.1038/s41418-023-01180-7. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
Although numerous studies indicate that inhibition of USP7 suppresses tumor growth by activating p53, the precise mechanism by which USP7 contributes to tumor growth through the p53-independent manner is not well understood. p53 is frequently mutated in most triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), characterized as the very aggressive form of breast cancers with limited treatment options and poor patient outcomes. Here, we found that the oncoprotein Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) acts as a potential driver for tumor growth in TNBC and, surprisingly, through a proteomic screen, we identified USP7 as a major regulator of FOXM1 in TNBC cells. USP7 interacts with FOXM1 both in vitro and in vivo. USP7 stabilizes FOXM1 through deubiquitination. Conversely, RNAi-mediated USP7 knockdown in TNBC cells, dramatically reduced the levels of FOXM1. Moreover, based upon the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, we generated PU7-1 (protein degrader for USP7-1), as a USP7 specific degrader. PU7-1 induces rapid USP7 degradation at low nanomolar concentrations in cells but shows no obvious effect on other USP family proteins. Strikingly, the treatment of TNBC cells with PU7-1 significantly abrogates FOXM1 functions and effectively suppresses cell growth in vitro. By using xenograft mouse models, we found that PU7-1 markedly represses tumor growth in vivo. Notably, ectopic overexpression of FOXM1 can reverse the tumor growth suppressive effects induced by PU7-1, underscored the specific effect on FOXM1 induced by USP7 inactivation. Together, our findings indicate that FOXM1 is a major target of USP7 in modulating tumor growth in a p53-independent manner and reveals the USP7 degrader as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers.
虽然许多研究表明,USP7 的抑制作用通过激活 p53 抑制肿瘤生长,但 USP7 通过非 p53 依赖方式促进肿瘤生长的确切机制尚不清楚。p53 在大多数三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 中经常发生突变,其特征是乳腺癌的侵袭性很强,治疗选择有限,患者预后不良。在这里,我们发现叉头框 M1 (FOXM1) 作为 TNBC 肿瘤生长的潜在驱动因素,令人惊讶的是,通过蛋白质组筛选,我们发现 USP7 是 TNBC 细胞中 FOXM1 的主要调节因子。USP7 在体外和体内均与 FOXM1 相互作用。USP7 通过去泛素化稳定 FOXM1。相反,TNBC 细胞中 RNAi 介导的 USP7 敲低,显著降低了 FOXM1 的水平。此外,基于蛋白水解靶向嵌合体 (PROTAC) 技术,我们生成了 PU7-1(USP7-1 的蛋白降解剂),作为一种 USP7 特异性降解剂。PU7-1 在细胞中以低纳摩尔浓度快速诱导 USP7 降解,但对其他 USP 家族蛋白没有明显影响。引人注目的是,PU7-1 处理 TNBC 细胞可显著削弱 FOXM1 的功能,并有效抑制体外细胞生长。通过使用异种移植小鼠模型,我们发现 PU7-1 可显著抑制体内肿瘤生长。值得注意的是,FOXM1 的异位过表达可以逆转 PU7-1 诱导的肿瘤生长抑制作用,强调了 USP7 失活对 FOXM1 的特异性影响。总之,我们的研究结果表明,FOXM1 是 USP7 在非 p53 依赖方式调节肿瘤生长的主要靶点,并揭示了 USP7 降解剂作为治疗三阴性乳腺癌的潜在治疗工具。
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