Razuvaeva A V, Ulyanova E G, Skolotneva E S, Andreeva I V
Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2023 Jun;27(3):240-249. doi: 10.18699/VJGB-23-30.
Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) are dangerous pests of agricultural and ornamental crops, the most economically significant of them belonging to the genera Tetranychus, Eutetranychus, Oligonychus and Panonychus. The expansion of the distribution areas, the increased harmfulness and dangerous status of certain species in the family Tetranychidae and their invasion of new regions pose a serious threat to the phytosanitary status of agro- and biocenoses. Various approaches to acarofauna species diagnosis determine a rather diverse range of currently existing methods generally described in this review. Identification of spider mites by morphological traits, which is currently considered the main method, is complicated due to the complexity of preparing biomaterials for diagnosis and a limited number of diagnostic signs. In this regard, biochemical and molecular genetic methods such as allozyme analysis, DNA barcoding, restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), selection of species-specific primers and real-time PCR are becoming important. In the review, close attention is paid to the successful use of these methods for species discrimination in the mites of the subfamily Tetranychinae. For some species, e. g., the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), a range of identification methods has been developed - from allozyme analysis to loop isothermal amplification (LAMP), while for many other species a much smaller variety of approaches is available. The greatest accuracy in the identification of spider mites can be achieved using a combination of several methods, e. g., examination of morphological features and one of the molecular approaches (DNA barcoding, PCR-RFLP, etc.). This review may be useful to specialists who are in search of an effective system for spider mite species identification as well as when developing new test systems relevant to specific plant crops or a specific region.
叶螨（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）是农业和观赏作物的危险性害虫，其中经济意义最为重大的叶螨隶属于叶螨属、真叶螨属、小爪螨属和全爪螨属。叶螨科某些物种分布区域的扩大、危害性和危险程度的增加以及它们对新区域的入侵，对农业生态系统和生物群落的植物检疫状况构成了严重威胁。诊断叶螨种类的各种方法决定了本综述中普遍描述的当前现有方法的相当多样的范围。目前，通过形态特征鉴定叶螨被认为是主要方法，但由于制备用于诊断的生物材料复杂且诊断特征数量有限，该方法变得复杂。在这方面，生化和分子遗传学方法，如等位酶分析、DNA条形码技术、限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）、选择物种特异性引物和实时PCR正变得越来越重要。在本综述中，密切关注了这些方法在叶螨亚科螨类物种鉴别中的成功应用。对于某些物种，例如二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae），已经开发了一系列鉴定方法——从等位酶分析到环介导等温扩增（LAMP），而对于许多其他物种，可用的方法种类要少得多。使用几种方法的组合，例如检查形态特征和分子方法之一（DNA条形码技术、PCR-RFLP等），可以在叶螨鉴定中获得最高的准确性。本综述对于正在寻找叶螨物种有效鉴定系统的专家以及开发与特定植物作物或特定区域相关的新测试系统时可能会有所帮助。
