Groves L, Whyte S K, Purcell S L, Michaud D, Cai W C, Garber A F, Fast M D
Hoplite Lab, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep. 2023 May 27;4:100099. doi: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100099. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Ocean temperatures continue to rise annually due to the ever-growing consequences of global climate change. These temperature changes can have an impact on the immunological robustness of cultured fish, especially cold-water species such as Atlantic salmon. The salmon farming industry already loses hundreds of millions of dollars each year to infectious and non-infectious diseases. One particularly important and WOAH reportable disease is infectious salmon anemia caused by the orthomyxovirus ISAv. Considering the changing environment, it is necessary to find ways to mitigate the effect of diseases on the industry. For this study, 20 Atlantic salmon families were housed in each of 38 different tanks at the AVC, with half of the fish being kept at 10 °C and half being kept at 20 °C. Donor Atlantic salmon IP- injected with a highly virulent ISAv isolate (HPR4; TCID of 1 × 10/mL) were added to each tank as the source of co-habitation infection. Both temperatures were sampled at onset of mortality in co-habited fish and at resolution of mortality. Family background and temperature significantly impacted ISAv load, as assessed by qPCR, time to mortality and overall mortality. Mortality was more acute at 20 °C, but overall mortality was higher at 10 °C. Based on percent mortality calculated over the course of the study, different families demonstrated different levels of survival. The three families that demonstrated the highest percent mortality, and the three families with the lowest percent mortality were then assessed for their antiviral responses using relative gene expression. Genes significantly upregulated between the unexposed fish and ISAv exposed fish included , and these were further impacted by temperature. Understanding how ISAv resistance is impacted by temperature can help identify seasonal risks of ISAv outbreaks as well as ideal responses to be targeted through immunopotentiation.
由于全球气候变化的影响日益加剧，海洋温度持续逐年上升。这些温度变化会对养殖鱼类的免疫稳健性产生影响，尤其是冷水鱼类，如大西洋鲑鱼。鲑鱼养殖业每年因传染性和非传染性疾病损失数亿美元。一种特别重要且需世界动物卫生组织报告的疾病是由正粘病毒传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒（ISAv）引起的传染性鲑鱼贫血。考虑到环境的变化，有必要找到减轻疾病对该行业影响的方法。在本研究中，20个大西洋鲑鱼家系被安置在大西洋兽医学院（AVC）的38个不同水箱中，其中一半鱼饲养在10℃，另一半饲养在20℃。将腹腔注射高毒力ISAv分离株（HPR4；TCID为1×10/mL）的供体大西洋鲑鱼添加到每个水箱中作为同居感染源。在同居鱼类开始死亡时和死亡结束时对两个温度进行采样。通过qPCR评估，家系背景和温度对ISAv载量、死亡时间和总体死亡率有显著影响。在20℃时死亡更为急性，但总体死亡率在10℃时更高。根据研究过程中计算的死亡率百分比，不同家系表现出不同的存活水平。然后对死亡率百分比最高的三个家系和死亡率百分比最低的三个家系进行抗病毒反应评估，采用相对基因表达法。未接触病毒的鱼和接触ISAv的鱼之间显著上调的基因包括 ，并且这些基因进一步受到温度的影响。了解温度如何影响对ISAv的抗性有助于确定ISAv爆发的季节性风险以及通过免疫增强作用的理想应对目标。
