Rafaqat Saira, Afzal Shaheed, Khurshid Huma, Safdar Sanober, Rafaqat Sana, Rafaqat Simon
Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Innov Card Rhythm Manag. 2022 Dec 15;13(12):5265-5277. doi: 10.19102/icrm.2022.13125. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Many studies have reported a relationship between inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF). According to the literature, inflammation is the key component in pathophysiological processes during the development of AF; the amplification of inflammatory pathways triggers AF, and, at the same time, AF increases the inflammatory state. The plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in patients with AF; therefore, inflammation might contribute to both the maintenance and occurrence of AF and its thromboembolic complications. Numerous inflammatory markers have been linked to AF, including CD40 ligand, fibrinogen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, myeloperoxidase, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and serum amyloid A. There are many pathophysiological aspects of AF that are linked to these inflammatory biomarkers, including atrial structural remodeling and atrial dilatation, increased atrial myocyte expression, fluctuations in calcium cycling, cardiac remodeling promotion, increased cardiac myocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation, production of several MMPs, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, an increased degree of fibrosis in atrial myocardium, and the progression and development of atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. The present review article aims to provide an updated overview and focus on the basic role of different biomarkers of inflammation in the pathophysiological aspects of the pathogenesis of AF.
许多研究报告了炎症与心房颤动（AF）之间的关系。根据文献，炎症是AF发生发展过程中病理生理过程的关键组成部分；炎症途径的放大引发AF，同时AF会加重炎症状态。AF患者的几种炎症生物标志物的血浆水平升高；因此，炎症可能促成AF的维持和发生及其血栓栓塞并发症。许多炎症标志物都与AF有关，包括CD40配体、纤维蛋白原、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-9、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1、髓过氧化物酶、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1和血清淀粉样蛋白A。AF的许多病理生理方面都与这些炎症生物标志物有关，包括心房结构重塑和心房扩张、心房肌细胞表达增加、钙循环波动、促进心脏重塑、心肌细胞增殖和终末分化增加、几种MMP的产生、动脉粥样硬化和心肌细胞凋亡的发病机制、心房心肌纤维化程度增加以及动脉粥样硬化和动脉粥样血栓形成的进展和发展。本综述文章旨在提供最新概述，并聚焦于不同炎症生物标志物在AF发病机制病理生理方面的基本作用。
