Świątkowska Beata, Jankowski Mateusz, Kaleta Dorota
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
Department of Population Health, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
Med Sci Monit. 2025 Jul 14;31:e948556. doi: 10.12659/MSM.948556.
BACKGROUND Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are new forms of electronic tobacco products. Limited data exist on their effects on human health. This study aimed to compare the health effects of HTPs with non-smoking controls, focusing on biomarkers like fibrinogen and adhesion molecules. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 among healthy males in Łódź Province, Poland. The case group (n=117) included past 90-day daily heated tobacco users (regular HTPs users), and the control group (n=113) included males who had not used nicotine-containing products in the past 90 days. A series of questionnaires were completed, and a blood sample (20 milliliters) was collected. Laboratory tests included: complete blood count, adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 concentration, c-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen levels. RESULTS The mean red blood cell count was higher in controls than in cases (5.10±0.30 vs 4.99±0.34; P=0.01), but mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were higher in cases than in controls: 91.77±3.59 vs 89.83±4.97 (p<0.001) and 30.74±2.88 vs 30.33±1.73 (p=0.01). Fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in cases than in controls (267.75±82.77 vs 243.8±84.40; P=0.03). There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 concentrations and CRP levels between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Regular use of heated tobacco leads to an increase in fibrinogen levels, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
背景 加热烟草制品（HTPs）是电子烟产品的新形式。关于其对人类健康影响的数据有限。本研究旨在比较加热烟草制品与非吸烟对照者的健康影响，重点关注纤维蛋白原和黏附分子等生物标志物。
材料与方法 本病例对照研究于2023年至2024年在波兰罗兹省的健康男性中进行。病例组（n = 117）包括过去90天每天使用加热烟草的使用者（经常使用加热烟草制品的使用者），对照组（n = 113）包括过去90天未使用含尼古丁产品的男性。完成了一系列问卷调查，并采集了一份血液样本（20毫升）。实验室检测包括：全血细胞计数、黏附分子血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）和细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）浓度、C反应蛋白（CRP）和纤维蛋白原水平。
结果 对照组的平均红细胞计数高于病例组（5.10±0.30对4.99±0.34；P = 0.01），但病例组的平均红细胞体积（MCV）和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）高于对照组：91.77±3.59对89.83±4.97（p<0.001）以及30.74±2.88对30.33±1.73（p = 0.01）。病例组的纤维蛋白原水平显著高于对照组（267.75±82.77对243.8±84.40；P = 0.03）。病例组与对照组之间的VCAM-1和ICAM-1浓度以及CRP水平无统计学显著差异（P>0.05）。
结论 经常使用加热烟草会导致纤维蛋白原水平升高，这可能会增加心血管疾病的风险。
