Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C3P8, Montreal, Canada.
Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine , Montréal (Québec), Canada.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2023 Nov;51(11):1641-1655. doi: 10.1007/s10802-023-01084-7. Epub 2023 Jun 9.
Studies examining the associations between adolescent social media use and depression/anxiety symptoms show inconsistent results and do not elucidate the direction of associations. Differences in how studies operationalize social media use and consider potential moderating effects of sex and extraversion could contribute to inconsistencies. A distinction has been made between three types of social media use: passive, active and problematic. This study examined longitudinal associations between these types of adolescents' social media use and depression/anxiety symptoms and moderation effects of sex or extraversion. At ages 13 (T1) and 14 (T2), 257 adolescents completed an online questionnaire regarding their depression and anxiety symptoms and problematic social media use as well as three social media use diaries. Cross-lagged panel modeling (CLPM) revealed a positive association between problematic use and later anxiety symptoms (β = .16, p = .010). Extraversion moderated the association between active use and anxiety (β = -.14, p = .032). Specifically, active use predicted higher subsequent anxiety symptoms only in adolescents with low to moderate levels of extraversion. No sex moderation was found. While social media use (active or problematic) predicted later anxiety symptoms (but not depression), the reverse was not the case. However, highly extraverted individuals seem to be less vulnerable to potential negative effects of social media use.
研究青少年社交媒体使用与抑郁/焦虑症状之间的关联表明，结果不一致，并且无法阐明关联的方向。研究对社交媒体使用的操作方式以及考虑性别和外向性的潜在调节作用的差异可能导致了不一致。已经区分了三种类型的社交媒体使用：被动、主动和有问题的。本研究探讨了这些类型的青少年社交媒体使用与抑郁/焦虑症状之间的纵向关联，以及性别或外向性的调节作用。在 13 岁（T1）和 14 岁（T2）时，257 名青少年完成了一份关于他们的抑郁和焦虑症状以及有问题的社交媒体使用的在线问卷，以及三份社交媒体使用日记。交叉滞后面板模型（CLPM）显示，有问题的使用与后来的焦虑症状之间存在正相关（β=0.16，p=0.010）。外向性调节了积极使用与焦虑之间的关联（β=-0.14，p=0.032）。具体来说，只有在外向性水平较低或中等的青少年中，积极使用才会预测更高的后续焦虑症状。没有发现性别调节。虽然社交媒体使用（主动或有问题的）预测了后来的焦虑症状（但不是抑郁），但反之则不然。然而，高度外向的个体似乎不太容易受到社交媒体使用的潜在负面影响。
