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华盛顿州普吉特海湾潮间带海域二十年的海星丰度变化。

Two decades of change in sea star abundance at a subtidal site in Puget Sound, Washington.

机构信息

School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2023 Jun 9;18(6):e0286384. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286384. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Long-term datasets can reveal otherwise undetectable ecological trends, illuminating the historical context of contemporary ecosystem states. We used two decades (1997-2019) of scientific trawling data from a subtidal, benthic site in Puget Sound, Washington, USA to test for gradual trends and sudden shifts in total sea star abundance across 11 species. We specifically assessed whether this community responded to the sea star wasting disease (SSWD) epizootic, which began in 2013. We sampled at depths of 10, 25, 50 and 70 m near Port Madison, WA, and obtained long-term water temperature data. To account for species-level differences in SSWD susceptibility, we divided our sea star abundance data into two categories, depending on the extent to which the species is susceptible to SSWD, then conducted parallel analyses for high-susceptibility and moderate-susceptibility species. The abundance of high-susceptibility sea stars declined in 2014 across depths. In contrast, the abundance of moderate-susceptibility species trended downward throughout the years at the deepest depths- 50 and 70 m-and suddenly declined in 2006 across depths. Water temperature was positively correlated with the abundance of moderate-susceptibility species, and uncorrelated with high-susceptibility sea star abundance. The reported emergence of SSWD in Washington State in the summer of 2014 provides a plausible explanation for the subsequent decline in abundance of high-susceptibility species. However, no long-term stressors or mortality events affecting sea stars were reported in Washington State prior to these years, leaving the declines we observed in moderate-susceptibility species preceding the 2013-2015 SSWD epizootic unexplained. These results suggest that the subtidal sea star community in Port Madison is dynamic, and emphasizes the value of long-term datasets for evaluating patterns of change.

摘要

长期数据集可以揭示 otherwise undetectable ecological trends,为 contemporary ecosystem states 提供 historical context。我们使用了 20 年(1997-2019 年)的美国华盛顿州普吉特海湾潮间带海底拖网科学数据,来检验 11 种海星海星总数量的渐进趋势和突然变化。我们特别评估了这个群落是否对始于 2013 年的海星消耗疾病(SSWD)爆发做出了响应。我们在华盛顿州麦迪逊港附近的 10、25、50 和 70 米深处进行了采样,并获得了长期水温数据。为了说明 SSWD 易感性的物种间差异,我们根据物种对 SSWD 的易感性程度,将我们的海星海星数量数据分为两类,然后对高易感性和中易感性物种进行了平行分析。高易感性海星海星的数量在 2014 年各深度上都有所下降。相比之下,中易感性物种的数量在多年来最深的深度(50 和 70 米)持续下降,并在 2006 年各深度上突然下降。水温与中易感性物种的丰度呈正相关,与高易感性海星海星的丰度无关。2014 年夏季华盛顿州报道的 SSWD 出现,为高易感性物种数量随后的下降提供了一个合理的解释。然而,在这些年份之前,华盛顿州没有报道任何影响海星的长期压力源或死亡事件,这使得我们观察到的中易感性物种的下降在 2013-2015 年 SSWD 爆发之前仍无法解释。这些结果表明,麦迪逊港的潮间带海星群落是动态的,并强调了长期数据集在评估变化模式方面的价值。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aba4/10256211/387a5bb5e0d9/pone.0286384.g001.jpg

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