Pais A I, Belinha J, Alves J L
Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, ISEP, Polytechnic University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Materials (Basel). 2023 May 25;16(11):3946. doi: 10.3390/ma16113946.
Cellular materials have a wide range of applications, including structural optimization and biomedical applications. Due to their porous topology, which promotes cell adhesion and proliferation, cellular materials are particularly suited for tissue engineering and the development of new structural solutions for biomechanical applications. Furthermore, cellular materials can be effective in adjusting mechanical properties, which is especially important in the design of implants where low stiffness and high strength are required to avoid stress shielding and promote bone growth. The mechanical response of such scaffolds can be improved further by employing functional gradients of the scaffold's porosity and other approaches, including traditional structural optimization frameworks; modified algorithms; bio-inspired phenomena; and artificial intelligence via machine learning (or deep learning). Multiscale tools are also useful in the topological design of said materials. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the aforementioned techniques, aiming to identify current and future trends in orthopedic biomechanics research, specifically implant and scaffold design.
多孔材料具有广泛的应用，包括结构优化和生物医学应用。由于其促进细胞粘附和增殖的多孔拓扑结构，多孔材料特别适合于组织工程以及生物力学应用新结构解决方案的开发。此外，多孔材料在调节力学性能方面可能是有效的，这在植入物设计中尤为重要，因为需要低刚度和高强度以避免应力遮挡并促进骨生长。通过采用支架孔隙率的功能梯度和其他方法，包括传统的结构优化框架、改进的算法、仿生现象以及通过机器学习（或深度学习）的人工智能，可以进一步改善此类支架的力学响应。多尺度工具在上述材料的拓扑设计中也很有用。本文对上述技术进行了最新综述，旨在确定骨科生物力学研究，特别是植入物和支架设计的当前和未来趋势。
