Nakagome Kazuyuki, Fujio Keishi, Nagata Makoto
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2023 May 31;12(11):3776. doi: 10.3390/jcm12113776.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a treatment in which clinically corresponding allergens are administered to patients with allergic diseases, either by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) or sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), or by oral immunotherapy (OIT) in the case of food allergy. Since etiological allergens are administered to patients, AIT is presumed to modify mainly allergen-specific immune responses. In bronchial asthma, AIT with house dust mites (HDM) alleviates clinical symptoms, suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness, and reduces medication doses of HDM-sensitive asthmatics. Moreover, AIT can suppress the symptoms of other allergic diseases associated with asthma including allergic rhinitis. However, AIT sometimes reduces allergic symptoms not induced by the responsible allergens, such as non-targeted allergens, in clinical settings. Furthermore, AIT can suppress the spread of sensitization to new allergens that are not targeted allergens by AIT, suggesting the suppression of allergic immune responses in an allergen-nonspecific manner. In this review, the nonspecific suppression of allergic immune responses by AIT is discussed. AIT has been reported to increase regulatory T cells that produce IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, and IL-35, IL-10-producing regulatory B cells, and IL-10-producing innate lymphoid cells. These cells can suppress type-2 mediated immune responses mainly through the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines or a cell-cell contact mechanism, which may be involved in the nonspecific suppression of allergic immune responses by AIT.
变应原免疫疗法（AIT）是一种治疗方法，即通过皮下免疫疗法（SCIT）、舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）或食物过敏时的口服免疫疗法（OIT），将临床相应的变应原给予过敏性疾病患者。由于将病因性变应原给予患者，因此推测AIT主要改变变应原特异性免疫反应。在支气管哮喘中，用屋尘螨（HDM）进行AIT可减轻临床症状、抑制气道高反应性并减少HDM敏感哮喘患者的药物剂量。此外，AIT可抑制与哮喘相关的其他过敏性疾病的症状，包括过敏性鼻炎。然而，在临床环境中，AIT有时会减轻由非相关变应原（如非靶向变应原）引起的过敏症状。此外，AIT可抑制对非AIT靶向的新变应原的致敏扩散，提示以变应原非特异性方式抑制过敏免疫反应。在本综述中，将讨论AIT对过敏免疫反应的非特异性抑制。据报道，AIT可增加产生白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）和IL-35的调节性T细胞、产生IL-10的调节性B细胞以及产生IL-10的固有淋巴细胞。这些细胞可主要通过产生抗炎细胞因子或细胞间接触机制来抑制2型介导的免疫反应，这可能参与了AIT对过敏免疫反应的非特异性抑制。
