Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 5;24(11):9772. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119772.
The myelin sheath is an insulating layer around the nerves of the brain and spinal cord which allows a fast and efficient nerve conduction. Myelin is made of protein and fatty substances and gives protection for the propagation of the electrical impulse. The myelin sheath is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The myelin sheath presents a highly organized structure and expands both radially and longitudinally, but in a different way and with a different composition. Myelin alterations determine the onset of several neuropathies, as the electrical signal can be slowed or stopped. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and ras (rat sarcoma)-associated binding proteins (rabs) have been proved to contribute to several aspects regarding the formation of myelin or dysmyelination. Here, I will describe the role of these proteins in regulating membrane trafficking and nerve conduction, myelin biogenesis and maintenance.
髓鞘是大脑和脊髓神经周围的绝缘层，可实现快速而有效的神经传导。髓鞘由蛋白质和脂肪物质构成，为电脉冲的传播提供保护。髓鞘由中枢神经系统（CNS）中的少突胶质细胞和周围神经系统（PNS）中的施万细胞形成。髓鞘具有高度组织化的结构，可径向和纵向扩展，但方式和组成不同。髓鞘的改变会导致多种神经病变的发生，因为电信号可能会减慢或停止。可溶性 N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体（SNAREs）和 ras（大鼠肉瘤）相关结合蛋白（rabs）已被证明有助于髓鞘形成或发育不良的多个方面。在这里，我将描述这些蛋白质在调节膜运输和神经传导、髓鞘发生和维持方面的作用。
